Liberalism and radicalism in Romania

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This article gives an overview of Liberalism and Radicalism in Romania. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in this scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary for a party to have actually labeled itself as a liberal party.

Contents 1 Introduction 2 The timeline 2.1 Precursors 2.2 National Liberal Party 2.3 National Liberal Party-Brătianu 2.4 National Liberal Party-Tătărescu 2.5 From National Liberal Party Youth Wing to Liberal Party 1993 2.6 Civic Alliance Party 2.7 National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention 2.8 National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu 3 PNL leaders 4 See also 5 External links

[edit] Introduction

Liberalism has always during democratic periods been of the major forces in Romania, mainly organized in the National Liberal Party. Often there were spin-offs of this party. At the moment the National Liberal Party (Partidul Naţional Liberal, member LI, ELDR) is a right-wing liberal party.

[edit] The timeline

[edit] Precursors

• 1822: Ionică Tăutu, representing a group of low-ranking boyars in Moldavia, proposed a constitutional project with republican and liberal principles
• 1834: Ion Câmpineanu leads the liberal opposition to Russian influence in Wallachia's National Assembly
• 1840: Mitică Filipescu led a radical, carbonari-inspired conspiracy in Wallachia
• 1840: Mihail Kogălniceanu published the short-lived Dacia Literară, a Romantic nationalist and liberal magazine, engendering a literary society
• 1843: Nicolae Bălcescu and others led the Frăţia radical conspiracy in Wallachia
• 1845: Radical students from both Wallachia and Moldavia founded Societatea Studenţilor Români (the "Society of Romanian Students") in Paris
• 1848: The unsuccessful Moldavian revolution, during which Moldavian liberals issued a Petition-Proclamation
• 1848: The liberal-minded Blaj Assemblies in Transylvania, in the context of revolutions inside the Austrian Empire
• 1848: The Wallachian revolution - liberals formed a Provisional Government in Bucharest, and were divided over the issue of land reform, with a radical current forming around Bălcescu
• 1856: The liberal current formed the majority in Partida Naţională, a loose group supporting the union of the Danubian Principalities
• 1859: After the union, liberals formed a distinct faction in the Parliament of Romania
• 1864: Domnitor Alexander John Cuza established a personal regime, in order to pass liberal legislation against mounting opposition
• 1866: Mainstream liberals supported Cuza's removal from the throne; a faction of the liberal current opposed to the new constitution formed the Moldavian-based Fracţiunea liberă şi independentă, influenced by Simion Bărnuţiu and led by Nicolae Ionescu

[edit] National Liberal Party

• 1875: The liberal current organised itself in the National Liberal Party (Partidul Naţional-Liberal), led by Ion Brătianu
• 1884: A faction formed the Radical Party, led by C.A. Rosetti and George Panu
• 1899: The National Liberal Party absorbs the right-wing of the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party
• 1918: The Peasants' Party absorbs a left-wing tendency in the National Liberal Party formed around Constantin Stere
• 1929: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Brătianu
• 1931: A faction formed the Liberal Democratic Party, which remained unsuccessful. The same year a majority of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party
• 1938: The rest of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party
• 1938: The party is banned by King Carol II
• 1944: The party resumed its activities
• 1944: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Tătărescu
• 1947: The party is banned by the communist regime
• 1990: The party is refounded by Radu Câmpeanu
• 1990: A youth faction of the National Liberal Party formed the ⇒ Liberal Party Youth Wing
• 1991: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention
• 1995: The ⇒ Liberal party 1993 merged into the National Liberal Party, the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu seceded from the party
• 1998: The party absorbed the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party
• 2002: The Alliance for Romania (Alianţa pentru România) merged into the National Liberal Party
• 2003: The Union of Right-Wing Forces (Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta) and the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu merged into the party

[edit] National Liberal Party-Brătianu

• 1929: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Brătianu (Partidul Naţional-Liberal-Brătianu)
• 1931: Most of the party returned to the National Liberal Party
• 1938: The party reunited with the National Liberal Party

[edit] National Liberal Party-Tătărescu

• 1944: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Tătărescu (Partidul Naţional-Liberal (Tătărescu))
• 1945: The party ran in elections with the Romanian Communist Party
• 1947: The party is banned by the communist regime

[edit] From National Liberal Party Youth Wing to Liberal Party 1993

• 1990: A youth faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party Youth Wing (Partidul Naţional-Liberal Aripa Tînără)
• 1992: The party was renamed Liberal Party (Partidul Liberal), led by Horia Rusu
• 1993: The Liberal Party merged with the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention and the Group for Moral and Political Reforms into the Liberal Party 1993 (Partidul Liberal 1993), joined by a faction of the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party
• 1995: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party

[edit] Civic Alliance Party

• 1991: A section of the Civic Alliance non-governmental organization established the Civic Alliance Party (Partidul Alianţa Civică), led by Nicolae Manolescu
• 1993: A faction joined the ⇒ Liberal Party 1993
• 1998: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party

[edit] National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention

• 1991: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (Partidul Naţional-Liberal-Convenţia Democrată)
• 1993: The party merged into the ⇒ Liberal Party 1993

[edit] National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu

• 1995: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu (Partidul Naţional-Liberal-Câmpeanu)
• 2003: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party

[edit] PNL leaders

Ion Brătianu	1875–1891
Dumitru Brătianu	1891–1892
Dimitrie Sturdza	1892–1908
Ion I. C. Brătianu	1908–1927
Vintilă Brătianu	1927–1930
Ion Duca	1930–1933
Dinu Brătianu	1933–1948
none	1948–1990
Radu Câmpeanu	1990–1993
Mircea Ionescu Quintus	1993–2001
Theodor Stolojan	2001–2004
Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu	2004–

[edit] See also

• History of Romania
• Politics of Romania
• List of political parties in Romania

[edit] External links

• (Romanian) Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu, Istoria românilor între anii 1918-1940: IV. Partidele politice în primul deceniu interbelic (political programs of major parties in interwar Romania)