Leopold Kohr

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Leopold Kohr (born October 5, 1909 in Austria/Oberndorf near Salzburg, died February 26, 1994 in Gloucester, England) was an economist, jurist, political scientist and a practicing philosopher.

Kohr was a mastermind of the Green and Ecology movement. In 1983 he was given the Right Livelihood Award.

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[edit] Quotations of Kohr:

"Small is beautiful."
"Whenever something is wrong, it is too big."

[edit] Kohr's philosophy

Leopold Kohr rehabilitates anarchism as a political theory. “Violent Anarchists are actually rippers”. For Kohr, anarchism is the non-violent form of living together, and because of rationality every human being has the ability to treat other people with dignity and respect, to practice a jointly form of community in which free mutual appreciation is practiced on such a high level, that an external dominant power is unnecessary. So Kohr is diametrically opposed to the theory of order in a large group like for example Thomas Hobbes and David Hume. Of course the target of anarchism is utopian and will never be reachable completely. This at the same time is its power and protection against misuse through capitalistic and communistic ideologies: If a Leader/Party/Power claims to have reached the target of anarchism, he/she is a priori unmasked as an abuser because this target can only be striven for, and can never count as historical.

From Leopold Kohr's most seminal work "The Breakdown of Nations:"

As the physicists of our time have tried to elaborate an integrated single theory, capable of explaining not only some but all phenomena of the physical universe, so I have tried on a different plane to develop a single theory through which not only some but all phenomena of the social universe can be reduced to a common denominator. The result is a new and unified political philosophy centering on the theory of size. It suggests that there seems only one cause behind all forms of social misery: bigness...
There seems to be only one cause behind all forms of social misery: bigness. Oversimplified as this may seem, we shall find the idea more easily acceptable if we consider that bigness, or oversize, is really much more than just a social problem. It appears to be the one and only problem permeating all creation. Whenever something is wrong, something is too big. And if the body of a people becomes diseased with the fever of aggression, brutality, collectivism, or massive idiocy, it is not because it has fallen victim to bad leadership or mental derangement. It is because human beings, so charming as individuals or in small aggregations have been welded onto overconcentrated social units. That is when they begin to slide into uncontrollable catastrophe. For social problems, to paraphrase the population doctrine of Thomas Malthus, have the unfortunate tendency to grow at a geometric ratio with the growth of the organism of which they are part, while the ability of man to cope with them, if it can be extended at all, grows only at an arithmetic ratio. Which means that, if a society grows beyond its optimum size, its problems must eventually outrun the growth of those human faculties which are necessary for dealing with them.
Hence it is always bigness, and only bigness, which is the problem of existence. The problem is not to grow but to stop growing; the answer: not union but division.
A small-state world would not only solve the problems of social brutality and war; it would solve the problems of oppression and tyranny. It would solve all problems arising from power.

[edit] Works

[edit] External links

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