Lead chamber process
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The lead chamber process was an industrial process used to produce relatively strong concentrations of sulfuric acid in large quantities.
In 1746, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made larger than the glass containers which had been used previously. This allowed the effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production, and with several refinements remained the standard method of production for almost two centuries.
Concentrations ranged from 35%-40%, and after numerous refinements up to 78%. This is not a strong enough concentration for some industrial applications, and thus this method was eventually replaced by the contact process.
[edit] References
- Derry, Thomas Kingston and Williams, Trevor I., (1993) A Short History of Technology : From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900. New York: Dover Publications.
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