Languages of Peru

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Peru is a multilingual nation. Its official languages are Spanish and, in the zones where they are predominant, Quechua, Aymara, and other aboriginal languages. (Political Constitution, art. 48) The most common languages are Spanish and, to a lesser extent, Quechua and Aymara languages.

Contents 1 Aboriginal languages 1.1 Families & Linguistic "Isolates" 2 Foreign languages 2.1 Spanish language 3 External links

[edit] Aboriginal languages

The aboriginal languages of Peru are spoken mainly in the central Andes and in the Amazon forests. A considerable number of the languages of the northern Andes are spoken on the northern coast and in the northern Andes, but have disappeared from the country.

The only aboriginal Andes languages in actual use are Quechua, Aymara, Jaqaru, and Kawki; while the Amazonian region is home to a great variety of languages, the most commonly spoken ones are Ashaninka and Aguaruna, not to mention lesser known languages, such as Urarina, which is deemed by most linguists as an unclassified language isolate.

There are currently 14 defined linguistic families in the Peruvian territory, in addition to many more isolated and unclassified languages.

It is known that the number of languages that were used in Peru easily surpasses 300; some observers speak of 700. Yet from the time of European conquest, epidemics and periods of forced work (in addition to the influence of the hegemonic Spanish language), fewer than 150 can be counted today. The following is an incomplete list of languages spoken today, and a number that became extinct in the twentieth century or that are endangered.

[edit] Families & Linguistic "Isolates"

Andoque Aru Aymara Jaqaru Kawki Arawa Kulina (culina, madihá) Arawak Bora-witoto (Witotoanas) Bora Bora witoto (huitoto) Harakmbut* Amarakaeri Huachipaeri Huaorani Jíbaro Kandoshi (Candoshi) Kawapana (Cahuapana)* Koihoma Munichi (muniche, otonabe) Nonunya Omurano

Pano-Tacanan Pano Tacana (takana) Ese exa (chama, tatinawa) Peba-yagua * Peba Yawa language (yagua) Quechuan Resígaro Shimaku (Urarina) Taushiro Tequiraca Ticuna (tikuna) Tucano Koto (payawá, payowahe, orejón) Secoya (piohé) Tupí Záparo Andoa Arabela (chiripunu) Cahuaruno Iquito (hamakore, amakakore, ikito)

Languages extinct prior to the twentieth century Quignam (olmos, pescadora) Kulli (culli, kulyi) Chocó Sec Múchik Muchik (mochica) Catacaoanas (catacaonas) Katakao Kolán Cholonas Cholón (seeptsá) Híwitu (hibito, hivito) (...)

[edit] Foreign languages

In addition to the above, in Peru there is a large community of immigrants, of which few keep their languages. Within those, there are the Japanese and the Chinese (Cantonese dialect), for example, and in smaller numbers, the Germans (central Andes), the Arabic speakers, and the Hindi speakers retain their native languages in Peru. The last two are products of the recent wave of immigrants from Palestine and Pakistan.

[edit] Spanish language

In Peru, the most common language is Spanish, which is spoken with three dialects within the country:

• Peruvian riverside Spanish
• Andes Spanish
• Amazonian Spanish

[edit] External links

• (Spanish) Resonancias.org – Aboriginal languages of Peru]
• (Spanish) Center of Peruvian Studies
• (Japanese) Mucha-suerte.com – ペルー トルヒージョ 2003年12月31日(水)