Landau's problems

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At the 1912 International Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge, Edmund Landau listed four basic problems about primes. These problems were characterised in his speech as "unattackable at the present state of science" and are now known as Landau's problems. They are as follows:

1. Goldbach's conjecture: Can every even integer greater than 2 be written as the sum of two primes?
2. Twin prime conjecture: Are there infinitely many primes p such that p + 2 is prime?
3. Legendre's conjecture: Does there always exist at least one prime between consecutive perfect squares?
4. Are there infinitely many primes p such that p − 1 is a perfect square? In other words: Are there infinitely many primes (called generalised Fermat primes) of the form n² + 1?

As of 2007, all four problems are unresolved.

[edit] External links

• Eric W. Weisstein, Landau's Problems at MathWorld.