Lake Nipissing

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Lake Nipissing, Ontario
Lake Nipissing
Coordinates	46°17′N 80°00′WCoordinates: 46°17′N 80°00′W
Lake type	Mesotrophic
Primary sources	Sturgeon River, South River, Rivière Veuve
Primary outflows	French River
Catchment area	12,300 km²
Basin countries	Canada (Ontario)
Max length	65 km
Max width	25 km
Surface area	873.3 km²
Average depth	4.5 m
Max depth	52 m
Water volume	3.8 km³
Shore length¹	795 km (+ 619 km islands)
Surface elevation	196 m
Islands	Numerous
Settlements	North Bay
¹ Shore length is an imprecise measure which may not be standardized for this article.

Ominous storm approaching the south of Lake Nipissing

Lake Nipissing (French: lac Nipissing) is a lake in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is 873.3 km² (337 square miles) in surface area, has a mean elevation of 196 m (643 feet) above sea level and is located between the Ottawa River and Georgian Bay. Excluding the Great Lakes, Lake Nipissing is the fifth-largest lake in Ontario. It is relatively shallow for a large lake, with an average depth of only 4.5 metres (15 feet). The shallowness of the lake makes for many sandbars along the lake's irregular coastline. The lake has many islands.

The largest population centre on the lake's shoreline is the city of North Bay. North Bay sits along the lake's northeastern shoreline. Other notable towns are Callander (south of North Bay along Highway 11). The larger towns toward the western end of the lake are Sturgeon Falls, Garden Village, Cache Bay and Lavigne.

Lake Nipissing drains into Georgian Bay, which is a part of Lake Huron, via the French River. Lake Nipissing lies about 25 km northwest of Algonquin Provincial Park. The French fur trader Étienne Brûlé was the first European to visit the lake in 1610. John Nicolet, another French trader and explorer had a "cabin and trading-house" for eight or nine years living among the Indians on the shores of Lake Nipissing until 1633 when he was recalled to Quebec to become Commisary and Indian Interpreter for the "Company of the Hundred Associates." The first permanent European settlement on the lake dates back to around 1874 on the southeast corner. In 1882 the North West Mounted Police established their presence on the north east shore.

The lake contains over 40 different species of fish. Numerous sport fishing lodges dot the main shoreline or can be found on several of Nipissing's many islands. Most anglers target walleye, smallmouth bass, muskie, and pike. For various reasons, largely social, numerous stocking associations are engaged in attempts to artificially manipulate the lake's walleye population.

The lake's name means "big water" in the Algonquin language. The name Nipissing was given to many places in the area, notably the Township of Nipissing, Nipissing District, and Nipissing University.

In the days of the fur trade, voyageurs travelled through the lake by canoe via the Mattawa and French rivers. When the fur trade started to decline in the 1880s, logging became the main economic activity. After World War I, the primary economic activity became tourism and recreation, although logging still contributes a significant economic stimulus to the area.