L. Sprague de Camp

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Science Fiction Writer
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L. Sprague de Camp
L. Sprague de Camp from the cover of Time and Chance: an Autobiography, Donald M. Grant, 1996
Pseudonym(s):	Lyman R. Lyon
Born:	November 27, 1907 New York City, New York
Died:	November 6, 2000 Plano, Texas
Occupation(s):	Novelist, short story author, essayist, historian
Genre(s):	Science fiction, Fantasy, Alternate History, Historical fiction, History
Debut work(s):	"Isolinguals"
Magnum Opus:	Lest Darkness Fall
Influenced:	Christopher Stasheff, Harry Turtledove, Lin Carter, David Drake
Website:	http://www.lspraguedecamp.com/

Lyon Sprague de Camp, (November 27, 1907, New York City – November 6, 2000, Plano, Texas) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. In a writing career spanning fifty years he wrote over one hundred books, including both novels and notable works of nonfiction, such as biographies of other important fantasy authors.

[edit] Life

Trained as an aeronautical engineer, De Camp received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology in 1930 and Master of Science degree in Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1933.

He married Catherine Crook in 1940, with whom he collaborated on numerous works of fiction and nonfiction beginning in the 1960s.

L. Sprague de Camp (centre) with Robert A. Heinlein and Isaac Asimov

During World War II, de Camp worked at the Philadelphia Naval Yard with fellow authors Isaac Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant Commander in the Naval Reserve.

He was a member of the all-male literary banqueting club the Trap Door Spiders, which served as the basis of Isaac Asimov's fictional group of mystery solvers the Black Widowers. De Camp himself was the model for the Geoffrey Avalon character.

He was also a member of the Swordsmen and Sorcerers' Guild of America (SAGA), a loose-knit group of Heroic Fantasy authors founded in the 1960s, some of whose works were anthologized in Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! anthologies.

The de Camps moved to Plano, Texas in 1989. De Camp died there on November 6, 2000, seven months after the death of his wife of sixty years, Catherine Crook de Camp. He died on what would have been her birthday, three weeks shy of his own 93rd birthday. His ashes were inurned with those of his wife in Arlington National Cemetery.

De Camp's personal library of about 1,200 books was acquired for auction by Half Price Books in 2005. The collection included books inscribed by fellow writers such as Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan, as well as de Camp himself.

[edit] Works

De Camp was a materialist who wrote works examining society, history, technology and myth. He published numerous short stories, novels, non-fiction works and poems during his long career.

[edit] Science Fiction

De Camp's science fiction is marked by a concern for linguistics and historical forces. His first published story was "The Isolinguals" in the September 1937 issue of Astounding Science Fiction. His most highly regarded works in the genre are his time travel and alternate history stories, including Lest Darkness Fall (1939), The Wheels of If (1940), "A Gun for Dinosaur" (1956), "Aristotle and the Gun" (1958) and The Glory That Was (1960) – in the last of which the "time travel" actually turns out to be a tour de force of historical recreation.

His most extended work was his Viagens Interplanetarias series, set in a future where Brazil is the dominant power, particularly a subseries of sword and planet novels set on the planet Krishna beginning with The Queen of Zamba. His most influential Viagens novel was the non-Krishna work Rogue Queen, a tale of a hive society undermined by interstellar contact, which was one of the earliest science fiction novels to deal with sexual themes.

De Camp wrote a number of less-known but significant works that explored such topics as racism, which he noted is more accurately described as ethnocentrism. He pointed out that no scholar comparing the merits of various ethnicities has ever sought to prove that his own ethnicity was inferior to others.

[edit] Fantasy

De Camp was best known for his light fantasy, particularly the "Harold Shea" series and "Gavagan's Bar" series, both written in collaboration with his longtime friend Fletcher Pratt. The pair also wrote a number of stand-alone novels similar in tone to the Harold Shea stories, of which the most highly regarded is Land of Unreason, and de Camp produced a few more on his own.

De Camp was also known for his sword and sorcery, a fantasy genre he was instrumental in reviving through his editorial work on and continuation of Robert E. Howard's "Conan" cycle. He himself wrote three sword and sorcery sequences of note. The early Pusadian series, composed of the novel The Tritonian Ring and several short stories, is set in an antediluvian era similar to Howard's.

More substantial is the later Novarian series, of which the core is the Reluctant King trilogy, beginning with The Goblin Tower, de Camp's most accomplished effort in the genre. The trilogy features the adventurer Jorian, ex-king of Xylar. Jorian's world is an alternate reality to which our own serves as an afterlife. Other novels in the sequence include The Fallible Fiend, a satire told from the point of view of a demon, and The Honorable Barbarian, a follow-up to the trilogy featuring Jorian's brother as the hero.

A late third series, composed of The Incorporated Knight and The Pixilated Peeress, is set in the medieval era of another alternate world sharing the geography of our own, but in which a Neapolitan empire filled the role of Rome and no universal religion like Christianity ever arose, leaving its nations split among competing pagan sects. The setting is borrowed in part from Mandeville's Travels.

[edit] Historical fiction

De Camp also wrote historical fiction set in the era of classical antiquity from the height of the Persian Empire to the waning of the Hellenistic period, which form a loosely-connected series based on their common setting and occasional cross references. The best known of these historical novels was The Dragon of the Ishtar Gate.

[edit] Nonfiction

De Camp enjoyed debunking doubtful history and pseudoscientific claims of the supernatural, and to describe how ancient civilizations produced structures and architecture thought by some to be beyond the technologies of their time, such as the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt. Works in this area include Lost Continents, Citadels of Mystery and The Ancient Engineers.

Among his many other wide-ranging non-fiction works were The Great Monkey Trial (about the Scopes Trial), The Ragged Edge of Science, Energy and Power, The Heroic Age of American Invention, The Day of the Dinosaur (which argued, among other things, that evolution took hold after Darwin because of the Victorian interest spurred by recently popularized dinosaur remains, corresponding to legends of dragons), and The Evolution of Naval Weapons (a United States of America government textbook).

The author also wrote pioneering biographies of many key fantasy writers, most as short articles, but two as full-length studies of the prominent but personally flawed authors Robert E. Howard and H. P. Lovecraft. The latter was the first major independent biography of the now-famous horror writer. De Camp's frank and judicious approach to his subjects has been branded by some fans, particularly those of Lovecraft, as unflattering and unbalanced.