Kyoshi Takahama
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Kyoshi Takahama | |
 Takahama, Kyoshi |
|
| Born: | 22 February 1874 Matsuyama, Ehime Japan |
|---|---|
| Died: | 8 April 1959 Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan |
| Occupation: | writer |
| Genres: | haiku poetry, literary criticism, short stories |
| Influences: | Masaoka Shiki |
| Influenced: | Hoshino Tatsuko |
Kyoshi Takahama (高浜 虚子 Takahama Kyoshi?, 22 February 1874—8 April 1959) was the pen-name of a Japanese poet active in Showa period Japan. He was one of the closest disciples of Masaoka Shiki. His real name was Takahama Kiyoshi.
Contents |
[edit] Early life
Kyoshi was born in what is now Matsuyama city, Ehime prefecture; his father, Ikeuchi Masatada, was a former samurai. At the age of nine he inherited from his grandmother's family, and took her surname of Takahama. He made an acquaintance with Masaoka Shiki via a classmate (Kawahigashi Hekigoto), and it was Masaoka Shiki who gave him the pen-name of Kyoshi.
Ignoring Masaoka's advice, he quit school in 1894, and went to Tokyo to study Edo period Japanese literature. In 1895, he enrolled in the Tokyo Senmon Gakko (present-day Waseda University), but soon left the university for a job as an editor and literary critic for the literary magazine Nihonjin. While working, he also submitted variants on haiku poetry, experimenting with irregular numbers of syllables. He married in 1897.
[edit] Literary career
In 1898, Kyoshi came to manage the haiku magazine Hototogisu, which had been previously edited by Masaoka Shiki, and moved the headquarters of the magazine from Matsuyama to Tokyo. In Hototogisu, he kept with the traditional style of haiku, as opposed to the new trend having been developed in the Hekigo school. Kyoshi attached importance to the symbolic function of the kigo (season word), and he tried to exclude the more modern trend towards season-less haiku completely. While editing Hototogisu, he also expanded its scope to include waka poems and prose, so that it became a general literary magazine. This was where Natsume Soseki's Wagahai wa Neko de aru ("I Am a Cat") was first published, and Kyoshi contributed his own verses and short stories. These stories were collected into an anthology Keito ("Cockscomb",1908), with a forward by Natsume Soseki, who described the contents as “leisurely tales”. In 1908, Kyoshi began a full length novel, Haikaishi ("The Haiku Master"), which appeared in newspapers in serialized form. This was followed by Bonjin ("An Ordinary Person", 1909), and Chōsen ("Korea", 1912).
After 1912, he renewed his interest in haiku, and published a commentary on haiku composition, Susumubeki haiku no michi ("The Path Haiku Ought to Take", 1915-1917). However, he continued to write short stories, edit Hototogisu, and wrote another novel, Futatsu Kaki ("Two Persimmons", 1915). In addition, he began to show an interest in traditional Noh theatre, writing some new plays himself.
Kyoshi wrote 40,000 to 50,000 haiku in his lifetime, which appeared in anthologies such as Kyoshi Kushu and Gohyaku Ku. His major postwar novel was Niji ("Rainbow", 1947).
In 1954, he was awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese government. As editor of Hototogisu, Kyoshi was instrumental in bringing many new writers and poets into the literary world, including Mizuhara Shuoshi, Yamaguchi Seishi and Takano Suju. He also encouraged his second daughter Hoshino Tatsuko to publish her own haiku magazine, Tamamo.
Kyoshi moved to Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture in 1910 for his children's health and a fresh start for himself, and lived there for nearly 50 years until his death. His grave is at the temple of Jufuku-ji in Kamakura. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class, by the Japanese government.
