Kruzenshtern (ship)
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The Kruzenshtern (Russian: Барк «Крузенштерн») is a Russian four masted barque and tall ship that was built in 1926 in Bremerhaven-Wesermünde, Germany, as shipyard number "S408" under the name Padua (named after the eponymous Italian city). She was given to the USSR in 1946 as war reparation and renamed after the Russian navigator and explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern (1770-1846). The Kruzenshtern is one of the four remaining Flying P-Liners and still in use, mainly for training purposes, with her homeport in Kaliningrad (formerly Königsberg). After the Sedov she is the largest traditional sailing vessel still in operation. Originally, like all P-liners, she was painted black (hull above water, topsides), white (waterline area) and red (underwater body) according to the colours of the national German flag of that time.
Launched in 1926 she was commissioned as a cargo ship, used among other things to ship construction material to Chile, South America, returning with saltpetre. Later she transported wheat from Australia. The maiden voyage from Hamburg to Talcahuano (Chile) took 87 days. In 1933/34 she took a record-breaking 67 days from Hamburg to Port Lincoln in South-Australia. Until World War II she made 15 long trips to Chile or Australia. The fastest voyage she made was in 1938/39, from Hamburg via Chile to Australia and back to Hamburg in 8 months and 23 days unter captain Richard Wendt - a world record voyage for tall ships up today.
The painting (by the Russian owners) on the side suggests the presence of cannons, but that is just an illusion . On January 12, 1946 she was given to the USSR to be integrated into the Soviet Baltic fleet. She was moored in Kronstadt harbour until 1961 where she underwent major repairs and refit (e. g. the installation of her first engines set) for her missions under leadership of the Hydrographic Department of the Soviet Navy. From 1961 to 1965 the ship performed many hydrographic and oceanographical surveys for the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the Atlantic ocean, the Caribbean, and Mediterranean seas and was used the same time as a training vessel for naval cadets. In 1965 she was transferred to the USSR Ministry of Fisheries in Riga to be used as a schoolship for future fishery officers. From 1968-72 a major modernisation took place installing her current set of engines and applying her today's hull paint - black with a wide white stripe including black 'portholes' which from a distance look just like real gunports.
In january 1981 the Kruzenshtern transferred to the "Estonian Fisheries Industry" at Tallinn and in 1991 she became part of the "State Baltic Academy of the Fisheries" fleet with her new home port in Kaliningrad.
The Kruzenshtern takes part in many international regattas. After the fall of the USSR funding became a problem, so passengers are taken aboard for that purpose. In 1995/96 she made a trip around the world in the trail of her namesake. She again circumnavigated the globe in 2005-06 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Krustenstern's circumnavigation.[1]
The ship was used in three German films — Die Meuterei auf der Elsinore (1935); Herz geht vor Anker (1940) and Große Freiheit Nr. 7 (1944), as well as a number of Russian and Soviet films.
[edit] Ship's data and dimensions
- Home ports: Hamburg (as Padua, 1926-1946), Riga (1946-1981), Talinn (1981-1991), Kaliningrad (since 1991)
- Length: 114.4 m (376 ft)
- Width: 14.02 m (46.0 ft)
- Height: 51.3 m (168.3 ft)
- Depth (draft): 6.8 m (22.1 ft)
- Sail surface: 3,400 m² (36,600 sq ft)
- Crew: 257
- Tonnage: 4,700 tons
- Engines: 2 x 1000 hp (diesel)
- max. speed: 17.3 kt (32.0 km/h)
