Kristall
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| Diagram | |
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 Diagram of Kristall |
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| Module statistics | |
| Mission name | Mir |
| Launch | May 31, 1990 10:33:20 UTC Baikonur, LC 200L, USSR |
| Launch vehicle | Proton-K |
| Docked | June 10, 1990 10:47:22 UTC |
| Re-entry | March 23, 2001 05:50:00 UTC |
| Time in Orbit | 3948 days, 19 hours [1] |
| Length | 11.9 m |
| Diameter | 4.35 m |
| Mass | 43,290 lb (19,640 kg) |
| Wingspan: | 36 m |
| Habitiable volume: | 60.8 m3 |
The Kristall (Russian: Кристалл; lit. crystal) module was the fourth module and the third major addition to the Mir space station. It was launched on May 31, 1990 on a Proton rocket. It finally docked to Mir autonomously on June 10, 1990.
[edit] Description
Kristall had several materials processing furnaces. They were called Krater 5, Optizon 1, Zona 2, and Zona 3. It also had a biotechnology experiment called the Aniur electrophoresis unit. These experiments were capacble of generating 100 kg of raw materials for use on Earth. Located in the docking node was the Priroda 5 camera which was used for Earth resources experiments. Kristall also had several astronomy and astrophysics experiments which were designed to augment experiments that were already located in Kvant-1. Kristall's solar panels were also different from others on Mir. They were designed to be "collapsible" which means that they could be deployed and retracted several times. One of Kristall's solar panels was removed and re-deployed on Kvant-1 in 1995. Kristall also carried six gyrodines for attitude control and to augment those already on the station.
[edit] Relation to Buran and Shuttle programs
The most notable feature of Kristall was its relation to the Soviet Buran program. Kristall carried two APAS-89 androgynous docking units designed to be compatible with the Buran shuttle. One unit was located laterally and the other was located radially. After the cancellation of the Buran program in 1993, the lateral docking port found use for the Shuttle-Mir Program. The radial port was never used. The lateral port was tested by the modified Soyuz TM-16 spacecraft in 1993 in preperation for Shuttle dockings. On May 26, 1995, Kristall was moved from the -Y port on the Mir base block to the -X port. It was then moved on May 30 to -Z port in preparation for the arival of the Spektr module. On June 10, Kristall was moved back to -X port to prepare for the upcoming Shuttle docking. The first Space Shuttle docking occured in 1995 during STS-71 by the Space Shuttle Atlantis. On July 17, 1995, Kristall was moved one last time to its permanent position at the -Z port. For Buran dockings, the entire procedure of moving Kristall would have to be used.
On STS-74, the next Shuttle docking, Atlantis carried a docking module that was attached to Kristall. This allowed future shuttle dockings to be carried out without the need to move Kristall.
[edit] External links
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| Soviet modules | Core Module · Kvant-1 · Kvant-2 · Kristall |  |
| American-financed modules | Spektr · Docking Module · Priroda | |
| Ships | Soyuz · Progress · Space Shuttle (during Shuttle-Mir Program) | |
