Kovar
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Kovar is a nickel-cobalt ferrous alloy designed to be compatible with the thermal expansion characteristic of sealing to borosilicate glass. It finds application in electroplated conductors entering glass envelopes of electronic parts such as vacuum tubes (valves). Kovar is composed typically of 29% nickel, 17% cobalt, 0.2% silicon, 0.3% manganese, and 53.5% iron (by weight).