Kolkhoz
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A kolkhoz (Russian: колхо́з (help·info) IPA: [kʌlˈxos]), was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms (sovkhoz). The word is a contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство, or "collective economy". The latter term is usually translated "collective farm."
In a kolkhoz, a member, called kolkhoznik (колхо́зник, feminine колхо́зница), was paid a share of the farm’s product and profit according to the number of workdays, while a sovkhoz employed salaried workers. Members of kolkhozes were allowed to hold some land for private use and some animals. The kolkhozes were widely hated as a Soviet institution (Inkeles & Bauer - The Soviet Citizen).
See collectivisation in the USSR and agriculture in the Soviet Union for more historical details.
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