Klobuk

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St. Tikhon of Moscow wearing the patriarchal white koukoulion

Orthodox nuns. The Abbess (in the center) is wearing the monastic klobuk

A klobuk is an item of clerical clothing worn by Orthodox Christian and Eastern Catholic monastics and bishops, especially in the Russian tradition. It is composed of a kamilavka (stiffened black headcovering, round and flat on the top) with an epanokamelavkion (veil) which completely covers the kamilavka and hangs down over the shoulders and back.

In the Athonite tradition, the epanokamelavkion is simply laid over the kamilavka and allowed to hang freely,^[1] but in other traditions it is permanently attached.^[2]

The klobuk is the headgear most often worn in church by professed monastics. During the services, there are specified times when monks are to remove the klobuk and lay it on their left shoulder to denote reverence for the sacred (for instance, when the Priest brings the Chalice out through the Holy Doors for the distribution of Holy Communion during the Divine Liturgy). Nuns do not normally remove the klobuk at any time during services.^[3]

Since in the Orthodox Church all bishops must be monks, the klobuk is worn by bishops also. Diocesan bishops wear the simple monastic klobuk. Slavic Archbishops and Metropolitans usually wear a small jewelled cross on the front of their klobuk as a mark of their rank [1]. Metropolitans wear a klobuk that is white rather than black [2].

The Patriarch of Romania wears a white klobuk as well as a white Ryassa.[3] The Patriarchs of some Orthodox Churches (for example, the Patriarch of Moscow) wear a white headress similar to the klobuk that is rounded on top, decorated with embroidered images of seraphim, and surmounted with a cross [4]. This form is properly referred to as a koukoulion (cowl) [5].

[edit] Notes

^ The Athonite Typicon calls for the veil to be removed at certain points during the services.
^ A deacon's epanokamelavkion is normally removable because he serves wearing only the kamilavka when he vests.
^ Even when nuns are to be anointed on the forehead, they do not remove the klobuk, only pushing it back on their heads enough for the priest or bishop to anoint them.