Kipchak language
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The Kipchak language (also spelled Qypchaq) is an extinct Turkic language of the Kipchak group.
The descendants of the Kipchak language include the majority of Turkic languages spoken in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus today, as Kipchak was used as a lingua franca in Golden Horde-ruled lands.
Kazakhs are remnants of Eastern Kipchak tribes who lived in Northern Kazakhstan in the 10th century, but migrated to Europe later. So, their language originates from a more isolated form of earlier Kipchak. Bolgar-speaking Volga Bulgarians (or Kazan Tatars), Astrakhan Tatars, Balkars, Bashkirs and Mongolian aristocracy adopted the Kipchak language in the days of the Golden Horde.
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| Bolgar | Bolgar† | Chuvash | Hunnic*† | Khazar† | ||
| Uyghur | Old Turkic† | Aini²| Chagatay† | Ili Turki | Lop | Uyghur | Uzbek | ||
| Kypchak | Baraba | Bashkir | Crimean Tatar¹ | Cuman† | Karachay-Balkar | Karaim | Karakalpak | Kazakh | Kipchak† | Krymchak | Kumyk | Nogai | Tatar | Urum¹|Altay | Kyrgyz | ||
| Oghuz | Afshar | Azerbaijani | Crimean Tatar¹ | Gagauz | Khorasani Turkish | Ottoman Turkish† | Pecheneg† | Qashqai | Salar | Turkish | Turkmen | Urum¹ | ||
| Khalaj | Khalaj | ||
| Northeastern | Chulym | Dolgan | Fuyü Gïrgïs | Khakas | Northern Altay | Shor | Tofa | Tuvan | Western Yugur | Sakha / Yakut | ||
| Notes: ¹Listed in more than one group, ²Mixed language, *Disputed, †Extinct | |||
