Kihon

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Kihon (基本:きほん, Kihon^?) is a Japanese term meaning "basics" or "fundamentals." The term is used to refer to the basic techniques that are taught and practiced as the foundation of most Japanese martial arts. The practice and mastery of kihon is essential to all advanced training. At the simple level this would include stances, punches, kicks and blocks, cuts and thrusts but also includes basic representative kata.

Kihon techniques tend to be practised often, in many cases during each practice session. They are considered the road to improvement of all movements of greater complexity. An analogy to basketball might be helpful; even professional NBA players continue to practice dribbling, passing, free throws, jump shots, etc. An outstanding player, although creative beyond the basics, could never play the game without them.

[edit] In Karate

Styles of karate differ greatly in their focus or lack thereof on kihon. Kihon may be practised as "floor exercises", where the same technique or combination is repeated over and over again as the students move back and forth across the floor. Additionally, kihon may take the form of pre-arranged partner drills, or work with punching and kicking bags/shields/dummies, etc... Some styles have a small set of basic techniques that are practised consistently every single class. Others might have scores of techniques that are each only practised every couple of months.

[edit] In Kendo

In kendo there are various kihon systems. One of the most well known is the "Dai Ichi Kihon" and the "Dai Ni Kihon" developed by the police forces of Japan.

In 2005 the All Japan Kendo Federation presented the new methodology "Bokuto Ni Yoru Kendo Kihon-waza Keiko-ho". The aim of the methodology was to develop a form of training that could be included into standard kendo practice for the following purposes:

1. Help beginners learn the concept that the shinai is the representation of the katana.
2. Develop solid basics and techniques that are directly translatable into bōgu practice.
3. Develop the student's abilities and understanding for later practice of the kendo kata.
4. Develop reihō (manners).

[edit] In Aikido

In aikido there are also assorted kihon systems depending on the style. Iwama style kihon tends to be from a static powerful grab, whereas Shodokan kihon starts with two people separated by a defined distance. In all cases the role of both participants is strictly defined. Yoshinkan aikido also places a strong emphasis on kihon techniques.