Kent Courtney

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Kent Harbinson Courtney (October 23, 1918 -- August 12, 1997) was a leading figure in the "Radical Right" of American politics from the 1950s to the 1970s. Courtney was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, but his family moved to New Orleans, when he was a young child. He later relocated to Alexandria, Louisiana.

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[edit] Early years

Courtney served in the U.S. Navy in World War II and then worked as a pilot for Pan American Airlines. Later, he was a commercial officer with the British consulate in New Orleans. For a time, he was a public relations spokesman for a fruit shipping company. He received a degree in business administration in 1950 from Tulane University in New Orleans. He then taught economics, banking, and marketing for three years at Tulane.

He was a member of the American Legion and served on its "Americanism" committee. In 1954, Courtney was the chairman of the New Orleans branch of Ten Million Americans Mobilizing For Justice (a group formed to defend U.S. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy against censure).

Courtney lost his Democratic race for the New Orleans City Council in 1954, when deLesseps Story "Chep" Morrison, Sr., was mayor. One of the winners in that council election was future Lieutenant Governor James E. Fitzmorris, Jr. Thereafter, Courtney and his wife Phoebe (March 13, 1918 - September 14, 1998) launched their Free Men Speak newspaper, which was renamed the Independent American. Courtney traveled a great deal during this period to address right-wing groups around the country while Phoebe edited the newspaper.

In 1956, Courtney organized a campaign to prevent leftist professor Walter Gellhorn of Columbia University in New York City from lecturing at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.

[edit] Rallying for a new political party

In October 1959, Courtney sponsored a two-day meeting in Chicago, which included a banquet to honor Robert W. Welch, Jr., the founder of the anticommunist John Birch Society. William F. Buckley, Jr., publisher of National Review magazine and a leading columnist, also attended. The meeting called for the establishment of a new party on grounds that the Republicans were too similar in philosophy to the Democrats as to offer conservative voters little choice in general elections. The rally for a new party was promoted by columnists Tom Anderson of Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, and Medford Evans, Utah Republican Governor J. Bracken Lee (a non-Mormon), and investigative conservative journalist and former FBI agent Dan Smoot.

[edit] Running for governor and presidential elector

In April 1960, Courtney ran as the Louisiana States Rights Party gubernatorial nominee and received 12,515 votes, or less than 2.5 percent. The winner that year was former Governor Jimmie Davis, elected to his second nonconsecutive term. Kent Courtney's brother, Cy Courtney, also of New Orleans, had been an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor on a segregationist intraparty "ticket" with gubernatorial hopeful William M. Rainach of Claiborne Parish in the 1959 primary. Cy Courtney lost out to fellow Democrat Clarence C. "Taddy" Aycock, a conservative from Franklin in St. Mary Parish. Ironically, Kent Courtney, as a member of a third party, could not actually vote for his brother in the Democratic primary for lieutenant governor.

In the November 1960 general election, Courtney was a States Rights Party presidential elector, along with future Republican Congressman and Governor David C. Treen. The Democratic ticket of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson won Louisiana's electoral votes that year.

After the gubernatorial disaster, Courtney organized a southern conference that again included columnists Tom Anderson and Medford Evans as speakers, along with other controversial right-wing figures Matt Cvetic, David Molthrop, Robert Nesmith, Harold Poeschel, and Clayton Rand.

[edit] Courtney and Goldwater

In July 1960, Courntey organized a "Goldwater for President" rally in Chicago on the eve of the Republican National Convention. He hoped to derail the certain nomination of Vice President Richard M. Nixon as the GOP presidential nominee. Courtney, who considered Nixon as liberal as nearly any Democrat, also grew disillusioned with Goldwater because he perceived the Arizona senator as too accommodating to the moderates in his own party. In January 1964, Mrs. Courtney wrote about Courtney's meeting with Goldwater after the senator announced his presidential candidacy. According to Phoebe, "Kent told Goldwater that on the basis of the strong anti-communist position contained in his opening announcement that the Independent American would support him."

In 1961, Phoebe Courtney had urged Goldwater to quit the GOP and to campaign as an independent conservative. The Courtneys were outraged when Goldwater said that were he a New Yorker, he would vote in 1962 to reelect Governor Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller and U.S. Senator Jacob Javits, both liberal Republicans.

In April 1961, Courtney sponsored a "Convention of Conservatives" to call again for a new political party. He claimed that Goldwater, who had once called the Eisenhower administration a "dime store New Deal," had been tainted by "socialism". Courtney and 17 others signed a "Declaration of Conservative Principles."

In the 1964 pre-convention campaign, Goldwater's last intraparty rival, Governor William Warren Scranton, Sr., of Pennsylvania, questioned the senator's connections with Kent Courtney. Scranton asked why Courtney, identified nationally as a "radical," was supporting any Republican candidate for president.

Despite their reservations, the Courtneys still voted for Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election over the victorious Lyndon Johnson.

[edit] The Conservative Society of America

On April 15, 1961, Courtney formed the "Conservative Society of America" in Chicago, with himself as the national chairman. The announced purpose was to support conservatives already in Congress and to recruit new candidates who would oppose liberal and/or socialist-voting congressmen regardless of partisan affiliation. By 1962, he hired Walter Poag of Nashville, Tennessee, a former Birch Society coordinator, as national field organizer for his new group. In June 1962, Courtney announced his CSA had 1,500 members representing 47 states. Among CSA endorsers on CSA letterhead were the following: Bryton Barron, Medford Evans, Dan Hanson, George J. Hess, J. Bracken Lee, Harold Poeschel, Frank Ranuzzi, E. Merrill Root, and Major General Charles Willoughby.

Courtney, a member of the John Birch Society, endorsed the views expressed by Robert Welch in his controversial book The Politician, which claimed that former President Dwight D. Eisenhower was a "conscious, dedicated agent of the communist conspiracy." Many Republican candidates at the time repudiated the John Birch Society in part because of the outrage felt over Welch's book.

In 1962, Look magazine declared that Courtney's CSA had a staff of fifteen and an income of $133,000 in 1960 and $181,000 in 1961. The CSA also rated members of Congress. In 1962, it declared that there were only two 100 percent conservative senators, Strom Thurmond of South Carolina (still a Democrat) and Republican John Tower of Texas, and three perfect House conservatives, James B. Utt of California, Clare Hoffman of Michigan, and Bruce Alger of Texas. Goldwater received an 88 percent rating, and Senate Republican Leader Everett McKinley Dirksen of Illinois garnered only a 64 percent rating. Over the years, Tower would lose his high standing with the most conservative Republicans as he steadily moderated his views. Alger's staunchly conservative views presumably contributed to his defeat for reelection by Democrat Earle Cabell in the Democratic landslide year of 1964.

Courtney, also in 1962, published America's Unelected Rulers, a book which claimed that the private organization Council on Foreign Relations was seeking to hijack American foreign policy to create world government.

Courtney refused to support Nixon in 1968 and served as campaign manager for George Corley Wallace, Jr., of Alabama.

[edit] In defense of segregation

Courtney agreed with former Professor Medford Evans of Northwestern State University (then Northwestern State College) in Natchitoches, Louisiana, who declared that it would be "impossible" to integrate white and black society. Evans further said that integration was one of the two chief communist operations designed to bring about world conflict. Courtney was also active in theWhite Citizens Councils, which were organized to fight the desegregation of public schools, once the Supreme Court issued Brown v. Board of Education.

Courtney was a strong supporter of staunchly conservative and segregationist Democrat Congressman John Rarick of St. Francisville in West Feliciana Parish. Rarick ran for governor in 1967, but for Courtney to have been able to vote for him he would have had to have been a registered Democrat at the time. In that same Democratic primary, Courtney was supporting another right-wing fixture in Louisiana, Ned O'Neal Touchstone (1926-1988), a Shreveport bookstore owner, who was challenging Education Superintendent William J. "Bill" Dodd (1909-1991).

[edit] The Alexandria years

Sometimes prior to 1973, Courtney relocated to Alexandria to serve as an aide to Democrat-turned-Republican Mayor Charles Edward "Ed" Karst. Karst was originally from New Orleans, but records do not clearly reveal how the two became politically connected. Karst vacated the mayoral office in June 1973. As mayor, Karst was not particularly known for conservative policy issues.

Kent Courtney surfaced again in 1976, when, running as an independent, he challenged the reelection of popular Eighth District Democratic Congressman Gillis William Long, also of Alexandria. A third--party conservative, Dr. S.R. Abrahmson of Marksville, the seat of Avoyelles Parish had also challenged Long four years earlier. In that 1972 election, Long had easily prevailed: 72,607 votes (68.6 percent); Abramson, 17,844 (16.8 percent); and Republican Roy C. Strickland, then of Gonzales in Ascension Parish, 15,517 (14.6 percent). Courtney polled on 6,526 votes, or 5.8 percent against Long, more than 11,000 votes fewer than Abramson had received in 1972. No Republican filed for the race in 1976; there is speculation that at least half of Courtney's vote came from regular Republicans who wanted an alternative to Long on the ballot.

The Courtneys later divorced, and Phoebe relocated to Littleton, Colorado (Jefferson County), where she continued to publish so-called "Tax Fax" pamphlets that the couple had begun years earlier.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation did not investigate the Courtneys, but Director J. Edgar Hoover referred to them in a reply to an inquiry as "known rabble rousers and hate mongers."

[edit] References

  • Billy Hathorn, "The Republican Party in Louisiana, 1920-1980," Master's thesis (1980), Northwestern State University at Natchitoches
  • New York Times, April 15, 1961
  • Oklahoma City Daily Oklahoman, June 8, 1962
  • Time, December 8, 1961
  • Conservative Society of America Newsletter, September 24, 1966
  • America's Unelected Rulers by Kent and Phoebe Courtney
  • Look magazine, March 13, 1962
  • Robert Welch, The Politician
  • FBI file: HQ 94-57456,#6 (October 24, 1962)
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