Kamboh

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Kamboh is frequently used as surname or last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in Pakistan.

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[edit] Origin of word

The word Kamboh is said to derive from the combination of two terms 'Kai' & 'Amboh'. 'Amboh' means a following, a family, or large gathering. 'Kai' was a royal dynasty of Persian traditions. Thus Kai plus Amboh = Kaimboh = Kamboh means the royal family of Kai kings. Thus Muslim Kambohs have a tradition that they descended from ancient Kai dynasty of Persia, to which the emperors Kaikaus, Kaikhusro, Kaikubad, Kai-lehrashab and Darius all belonged. On the last king of the dynasty having been dethroned, and expelled from the country, he wandered about some time with his family and dependents in the neighboring countries and finally settled in Punjab [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13].

According to Dr Carry, Kai was a king of Persia who was connected with the royal Kai dynasty which ruled Persia before Dara (Darayvaush or Darius). The royal title Kai frequently finds mention in the Hindu traditions also. This Kai was one of the well-known titles among the ancient royal dynasties of Persia. Kai-kam-bakash was the Greek Cambyses or O.P Kambujiya or Kambaujiya (Kamboja of Sanskrit literature) according to Persian traditions. [14].

The first emperor of Kai dynasty was Kai-Kabad. He ruled in Persia and his Capital was Persipolis. He ruled for 15 years. He was followed by his son Kai-Kaus. Son of Kai-Kaus was married to princess of Turan (Central Asia), a daughter of king Afrasyab. The result of this marital union was the birth of a great king Kai-Khusro who later ruled over Persia. According to interprettations of Historians, Kai-Khusro was the successor of Darius I. The names for these Achamenian kings as appear in Greek are very much corrupted form of actual names of Persian and Hindu traditions. As is stated above the kings of Kai dynasty of the Persian traditions correspond to those from the Achamenian dynasty of the Greek writings and that of O.P Inscriptions. Further, numerous scholars have related the Achaemenian kings to the Persian Kambojas.

Kai Khusro was the this king of Kainid Dynasty. He was the grandson of Kai Kausand son of Siyavush. Name of this king Kai-Khusro is included among the list of most righteous kings and also finds mention in the 8th Hakayat [15].

"Rustam placed on throne the founder of a new dynasty that of the Kais, so called because every king's name is preceded by Kai. The traditional Kais correspond roughly to the historical line of Achamenids or Achamenian Persian dynasty for they end with the conquest of Alexandrera" [16].

Thus, from above, the legendary warrior Rustam & his son warrior Sohrab belonged to the Persian Kambojas of Kai or Achamenian line. The great warrior Rustam has been described as the shield of Persia.

Thus, according to the above view, the Kai was indeed a royal title in Persian traditions for many of kings who correspond roughly to the royal line of the Achamenian kings of Greek writings with whom the Kambojs might indeed be connected through their tradition (Kai+Amboh = Kaimboh = Kamboh).

[edit] References

  1. ^ See: Glossary of Tribes and Castes of Punjab and North-west Frontier Province, Vol II, p 444, H. A. Rose.
  2. ^ The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh 1906, Page 119-120 William Crooke.
  3. ^ Völkerstämme am Brahmaputra und verwandtschaftliche Nachbarn, Reise-Ergebnisse und Studien – 1883, P 80, Philipp Wilhelm Adolf Bastian.
  4. ^ The Sikhs, p 57, A. H. Bingley.
  5. ^ Balocistān: siyāsī kashmakash, muzmirāt va rujhānāt 1989, p 1, Munīr Ahmad Marrī.
  6. ^ Memoirs on the History, folklore and distribution of the races of the north-western provinces of India; Supplementary Glossary of Indian Terms, p 304, the Late Sir Henry M. Elliot, K. C. B. of the HonHon East India Company Bengal Civil Services: (Edited revised and re-aranged by John Beames M.B.R.A. In Two Volumes), Vol I, London.
  7. ^ cf: Indo-Aryans: Contributions Towards the Elucidation of Their Ancient and Mediaeval History, 1881, p 188, Rājendralāla Mitra.
  8. ^ Encylopedia of Sikh Religion & Culture--1997, p 24, Romesh Chander Dogra and Dr Gobind Singh Mansukhani.
  9. ^ In their writings Dr J. L. Kamboj, K. S. Dardi, Dr Buddha Prakash, Dr D. C. Sircar, M. R. Tarafdar etc etc also refer to this tradition among the Muslim Kambojs claiming relationship with the Royal lineage of Persia.
  10. ^ cf: The Indo-Aryans: Contribution Towards the Elucidation of their Ancient & Mediaeval History, 1881, p 188-89, Rajendra Lal Mitra.
  11. ^ Kai = Kaiyani = Kawi. Kawi means glory (Median: Farnah, Khotanese: Pharra)..."In Avesta, the xwarenah is called 'Kawyan', that is belonging to the Kawis or Kais. The Kais or Kawis were a partially a legendary dynasty of Eastern Iranian rulers. Xwarenah can be a creative power used by the gods or it can be a religious power. But generally it embodies the concept of good fortune. As a kind of fiery radiance, it would relate to the word for Sun (Xwar) (Old Iranian: Suvar)(hwar=to shine, xwar=to grasp)". (Malandra: 1983, p 88).
  12. ^ Kai or Kawi was a princely title in eastern Iran, or at least in the house of Zarathushtra's eventual patron, Vishtaspa. Zarathushtra attaches no pejorative connection to the title Kawi when it is applied to him. Zarathushtra eventually found a patron, the Kai/Kawi Vishtaspa, who not only espoused the new faith but protected it and helped propagate it by force of arms [1]
  13. ^ As the name Vishtaspa itself suggests, the Kai dynasty was apparently connected with the horses since Aspa in Iranian means horse. And so are the Kambojas---the Ashvakas or Aspasios/Assakenois of Arrian. Hence, the Kai ruler Vishtaspa might have been from the Ashvaka clan of the Kambojas
  14. ^ cf: Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Vol I by Lt Col James Tod, 1960, p 65
  15. ^ Mahan Kosh 1974, p 348 by Bhai Kahan Singh ji
  16. ^ Ancient Persia & Iranian Civilization by Clement Huart, 1972, p 208, p 210

17. Emperor Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Aalamgir. Risaaleh Qaumiyyeh ( A study of ethnic tribes) Persian Couplet (Transliteration: "Agar qahaturrijaal auftad az ein seh uns kam giri! Yakum Afghan, doum Kamboh, seyum badzaat Kashmiri" )Lutfullah 12:36, 29 March 2007 (UTC)Lutfullah

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