Kalami language

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Kalami Kohistani
Spoken in:	Pakistan
Total speakers:	60,000–70,000 (1995)
Language family:	Indo-European  Indo-Iranian   Dardic    Kohistani     Kalami
Writing system:	Arabic script
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	ine
ISO 639-3:	gwc
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-​based pronunciation key.

Kalami is a Dardic language spoken in northern Pakistan.

The language is also known as Gawri or Garwi (IPA: /ɡaːwriː/), but this name is considered pejorative by some speakers.

Contents 1 Classification 2 Geographic distribution 3 Phonology 3.1 Vowels 3.2 Consonants 3.3 Tone 4 Grammar 4.1 Syntax 4.2 Morphology 5 External links

[edit] Classification

[edit] Geographic distribution

[edit] Phonology

[edit] Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Mid	e	o
Open	a	ɑ

Length (/ː/) and nasalization (/˜/) are probably contrastive for all vowels.

[edit] Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Stop	Voiceless	p	t	ʈ		k	(q)
	Aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	ʈʰ		kʰ
	Voiced	b	d	ɖ		ɡ
Affricate	Voiceless		ts	ʈʂ	tʃ
	Aspirated		tsʰ	ʈʂʰ	tʃʰ
	Voiced				dʒ
Fricative	Voiceless	(f)	s	ʂ	ʃ	x		h
	Voiced		z			ɣ
Nasal		m	n	ɳ		ŋ
Lateral	Voiceless		ɬ
	Voiced		l
Flap			ɾ	ɽ
Semivowel		w			j

/q f z x ɣ/ occur mainly in loanwords. /q f/ tend to be replaced by /x p/, respectively.

After the front vowels /i e a/, the velars /k ɡ ŋ/ are palatalized: [kʲ ɡʲ ŋʲ].

[edit] Tone

Kalami has 5 contrastive tones: high level, high falling, delayed high falling, low level, low rising.

[edit] Grammar

[edit] Syntax

The default sentence order is SOV, but this can be changed for emphasis.

[edit] Morphology

[edit] External links

• The Gawri Language of Kalam and Dir Kohistan
• Ethnologue report for language code:gwc