Kafka on the Shore

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**Title** **Kafka on the Shore**

Author	Haruki Murakami
Original title	海辺のカフカ Umibe no Kafuka
Translator	J. Philip Gabriel
Country	Japan
Language	English
Genre(s)	General Fiction
Publisher	Harvill Press (UK)/Knopf (US)
Released	January 2005
Media type	Print
Pages	656
ISBN	ISBN 1-84343-110-6
Preceded by	after the quake
Followed by	Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman

Kafka on the Shore (海辺のカフカ, Umibe no Kafuka^?) is a novel by Japanese author Haruki Murakami (2002). Noted author John Updike described it as a "real page-turner, as well as an insistently metaphysical mind-bender." Since its 2005 English language release (2006 PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize-winning translation by Philip Gabriel), the novel has received consistently positive reviews and critical acclaim, including a spot on the New York Times 10 Best Books of 2005 and the World Fantasy Award.

1 Characters
2 Plot
3 Themes
4 Connections with The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World
5 Understanding the Novel
6 Trivia
7 External links
- 7.1 Interviews

[edit] Characters

Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow.

Kafka Tamura: Clearly named in honor of the Czech writer Franz Kafka, Kafka is a "cool, tall, fifteen-year-old boy lugging a backpack and a bunch of obsessions" and the son of the famous sculptor Koichi Tamura. His mother and sister left the family almost before he became conscious of them. He occasionally interacts with a hectoring, exhortative alter ego "The-boy-named-Crow", which is approximately what "kafka" means in Czech (a closer translation is jackdaw). Kafka tells himself throughout the novel that he must be "the toughest fifteen-year-old in the world."

Satoru Nakata: A "mentally defective sexagenarian" as John Updike calls him, Nakata lost many of his mental faculties when, as one of sixteen fourth-graders out on a mushroom-gathering field-trip toward the end of World War II, a strange silver light was seen in the sky and the entire class fell into a deep sleep. Unlike the other children, who woke up in a few hours, Nakata remained unconscious for many weeks, and, upon finally awakening, found that his memory and his ability to read had disappeared, as well as his higher intellectual functions. In their place, Nakata found he was able to communicate with cats.

Sakura: Young woman Kafka meets on the bus.

Johnnie Walker: Cat killer.

Colonel Sanders: Pimp and hustler.

Oshima: librarian, owner of mountain retreat.

Hoshino: Truck driver.

Miss Saeki: Manager of a private library.

Cats:

Goma: Lost cat owned by Mrs Kozumi.
Kawamura: Unintelligible cat.
Mimi: Smart Siamese cat.
Okawa: Tabby cat.
Toro: Black Cat.

[edit] Plot

Comprising two distinct but interrelated plots, the narrative runs back and forth between the two, taking up each plotline in alternating chapters.

The odd chapters tell Kafka's story as he runs away from his father's house to escape an Oedipal curse and to embark upon a quest to find his mother and sister. After a series of adventures, he finds shelter in a quiet, private library in Takamatsu, run by the distant and aloof Miss Saeki and the androgynous Oshima. There he spends his days reading the unabridged edition of A Thousand and One Nights and the collected works of Natsume Soseki until the police begin inquiring after him in connection with a brutal murder.

The even chapters tell Nakata's story. Due to his uncanny abilities, he has found part-time work in his old age as a finder of lost cats (a clear reference to The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle). The case of one particular lost cat puts him on a path that ultimately takes him far away from his home, ending up on the road for the first time in his life. He befriends a truck-driver named Hoshino. Hoshino takes him on as a passenger in his truck and soon becomes very attached to the old man.

Nakata and Kafka are on a collision course throughout the novel, but their convergence takes place as much on a metaphysical plane as it does in reality and, in fact, that can be said of the novel itself. Due to the Oedipal theme running through much of the novel, Kafka on the Shore has been called a modern Greek tragedy, though with Murakami, it is never just one thing, but many.

Spoilers end here.

[edit] Themes

Kafka on the Shore demonstrates Murakami's typical blend of popular culture, quotidian detail, magical realism, suspense, humor, an involved and at times confusing plot, and potent sexuality. It also features an increased emphasis on Japanese religious traditions, particularly Shintoism. The main characters are significant departures from the typical protagonist of a Murakami novel, such as Toru Watanabe of Norwegian Wood and Toru Okada of The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, who are typically 30-ish and rather humdrum personalities. However, many of the same themes re-occur in Kafka on the Shore as were first developed in these and other previous novels.

The power and beauty of music as a communicative medium is a central theme of the novel—the very title comes from a pop song Kafka discovers on a record in the library. The music of Beethoven, specifically the Archduke Trio is also used as a redemptive metaphor. Among other prominent themes are: the virtues of self-sufficiency and efficiency, the relation of dreams and reality, the specter of the heritage of World War II, the threat of fate, the uncertain grip of prophecy, and the power of nature.

[edit] Connections with The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World

Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow.

Towards the end of the Kafka on the Shore, the protagonist Kafka Tamura has intercourse with his supposed sister Sakura in a dream he enters while waiting in the isolated hut. This is highly similar to the hotel scene in which Toru Okada, protagonist of The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle enters through the well and also his intercourse with Creta Kano. At the end of the book, the village where Kafka gets to through the entrance in the forest, is directly a copy of the town of the Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World with the bookless-library and the memories stored in there. The half-shadow issue also finds its correspondence (as well as its explanation) in Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World. Towards the end of the novel, a cat with a bent tail approaches Hoshino and Nakata while they burn Miss Saeki's papers. Also, the two characters Mrs. Saeki and Oshima of Kafka on the Shore can be considered as the mirror images of Nutmeg Akasaka and her son Cinnamon Akasaka of The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.

Spoilers end here.

[edit] Understanding the Novel

After the novel's release, Murakami's Japanese publisher set up a website allowing readers to submit questions regarding the meaning of the book. 8,000 questions were received and Murakami responded personally to about 1,200 of them. In an interview posted on his English language website, Murakami stated that the secret to understanding the novel lies in reading it multiple times. Murakami: "Kafka on the Shore contains several riddles, but there aren't any solutions provided. Instead, several of these riddles combine, and through their interaction the possibility of a solution takes shape. And the form this solution takes will be different for each reader. To put it another way, the riddles function as part of the solution. It's hard to explain, but that's the kind of novel I set out to write."