Junkers Ju 86

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Ju 86
Swedish Ju 86
Type bomber, airliner, reconnaissance aircraft
Manufacturer Junkers
Maiden flight 1934
Status retired
Primary user German Luftwaffe

The Junkers Ju 86 was a German monoplane bomber and civilian airliner designed in the early 1930s by Junkers. The civilian model Ju 86B could carry ten passengers; two were delivered to Swissair and five to Lufthansa. It was used by both sides in World War II.

The bomber had defensive armament of three MG15 machine guns, and could carry a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bomb load. The early model Ju 86-D1 (1936) had two 600 hp Jumo 205C-4 diesel engines, but the Ju 86E replaced those with the 800 hp BMW 132F.

Contents

[edit] History

The Ju 86 was sold to airlines and air forces from several nations, including Bolivia, Chile, Hungary, Manchukuo, Portugal, the South African Air Force (SAAF), Spain, and Sweden. The Ju 86K was an export model, also built under license in Sweden as the B 3 with 905 hp Bristol Mercury XIX engines. Several aircraft remained in service with the Swedish Air Force until 1956.

The bomber was field tested in the Spanish Civil War, where it proved inferior to the Heinkel He 111. It was again used in the 1939 invasion of Poland, but retired soon after. In January 1940 the Luftwaffe tested the prototype Ju 86P that had a longer wing span, pressurized cabin, Jumo 207A1 turbocharged diesel engines with, and a two-man crew. The Ju 86P could fly at heights of 12,000 m (39,000 ft), where it was safe from enemy fighters. The British RAF developed the Westland Welkin specifically to counter this threat.

No. 12 Squadron SAAF used Ju 86 bombers in the East African Campaign.

Satisfied with the newer version, the Luftwaffe ordered that some 40 older-model bombers be converted to Ju 86P-1 high altitude bombers and Ju 86P-2 photo reconnaissance aircraft. Those operated successfully for some years over Britain, the Soviet Union and North Africa. In August 1942, a modified Spitfire V shot one down over Egypt; when two more were lost, Ju 86Ps were withdrawn from service in 1943.

Junkers developed the Ju 86R for the Luftwaffe, using larger wings and new engines capable of even higher altitudes — up to 16,000 m (52,500 ft) — but production was limited to prototypes.

[edit] Operators

[edit] Military operators

[edit] Civil operators

[edit] Specifications (Ju 86R)

Data from Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II[1] and Warbirds Resource Group[2]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2 (pilot and radio operator)
  • Length: 16.46 m (54 ft)
  • Wingspan: 32 m (105 ft)
  • Height: 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in)
  • Wing area: 82 m² (883 ft²)
  • Empty weight: 6,700 kg (14,800 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 11,530 kg (25,420 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2× Junkers Jumo 207B-3/V diesel engines, 746 kW (1,000 hp) each

Performance

[edit] References

  1. ^ Jane, Fred T. “The Junkers Ju 86P and Ju 86R.” Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. p. 171. ISBN 1 85170 493 0.
  2. ^ Junkers Ju 86. Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved on August 11, 2005.
  1. Aeroplane Monthly June 2005, pg 68

[edit] External links

[edit] Related content

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  • Junkers Ju 136

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