Junák
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Junák, or more properly, Junák - svaz skautů a skautek ČR (Association of Scouts and Guides of the Czech Republic, is the Association of Scouts and Guides of the Czech Republic. Founded in 1911, Junák is the largest organisation of youth in the nation, with a combined estimated membership of 53,000 (26,435 under the World Organization of the Scout Movement and 25,568 under the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts).
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[edit] History
A voluntary, non-political civic organisation, without restriction to membership, Junák was founded in 1911 by Antonín Benjamin Svojsík, who, after visiting British Scouts, wanted to establish a similar movement in his homeland. In 1910, inspired by the writings of Baden-Powell, Professor Svojsík wrote Základy junáctví ("The Foundations of Scouting"), the first handbook for Scouts already operating in the Czech lands. In that book, he combined Baden-Powell's system of education; ideas of the American writer, traveller and painter E.T. Seton (founder of Woodcraft); and the traditions of the Czech nation. He followed this with an experimental camp in 1912. The participants walked the entire 200 km distance on foot, and their luggage was brought there on a single large push-cart. In the quickly developing world of Scouting at the time, Junák-Český skaut provided a model to be followed by many other developing national associations.
Scouting in the Czech Republic has a long and distinguished history. The Czechs were third, after the United Kingdom and Chile, to adopt Scouting. The independent organization Junák was established in June 1914, the same year its first Scouting newsletter was issued; the chairman was Dr. D. Klika and the Chief Scout was Professor Svojsík. A month later World War I started and many leaders were called up to fight. In January 1915, the first Girl Scouts were introduced, under the leadership of Vlasta Koseová (formerly Štěpánová), and shortly thereafter, a section for Guide Education was established. Dr. Anna Berkovcová became the Chief Guide. The same summer, the first Girl Guide company "Anemones" held a camp on the banks of river Vltava.
In 1918, at the creation of the Czechoslovak Republic, the Czech Scouts offered their services, and helped the established government with many things, they kept patrol over important buildings and sites, but they are best known for their mail delivery service, delivering official mail in Prague. They had their own stamps, the first Scout stamps in the world, which are very rare and valuable today among stamp-collectors. On December 21 1918, "Czech Scout mail" was restored, due to the arrival of President Masaryk from exile. The ranks of Scouting grew rapidly in the new country, and in 1922 a National Scout festival took place in Prague to commemorate 10 years of Scouting. Following the end of World War I, the different associations within Czechoslovakia came together in one united national association, and the Czechoslovakian Scout and Guide Federation was among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922, with Professor Svojsík elected to the World Committee.
Before World War II, Junák had the third most members of any Scout Association in Europe, and numbered seventh in the world; by 1936 the number of Scouts in Czechoslovakia was 70,000. Junák bid to host the World Jamboree in 1933. The preparations started in earnest and in 1931 Czech Scouts prepared the "All-Slavonic Jamboree" as the test for the World Jamboree, a successful festival which culminated in a march through Prague and an address by President Masaryk at Prague castle. But in the end the World Jamboree was to take place in Hungary. Czech Scouts participated in all World Jamborees from the first in 1920 through 1937. At the 1937 World Jamboree in Holland, the Junák contingent had 314 members.
Antonín Benjamin Svojsík died on September 17, 1938, and Czech Scouts and Guides unified on January 22, 1939 to found the new association called Junák. The Chief Scout was Dr. Rudolf Plajner and the Chief Guide was Vlasta Koseová. Junák was abolished by force and Scouting prohibited by German State Secretary Karl Hermann Frank during the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia on October 28, 1940. Many Scouts and Guides joined the Czech Resistance; over 700 of them died during the war as part of the movement. After the war, the association was re-registered in Prague in 1945, following the country's liberation, with 120,000 members registered in 1946, the number of members grew to nearly 250,000, (making it the second largest association in the World Movements at that time), and in 1947, a contingent of 500 represented Junák at the World Scout Jamboree in France, sporting two Scout bands. In summer 1946, Lady Olave Baden-Powell visited Czechoslovakia and she was welcome in the whole Republic by our Scouts and Guides. After the war, in lieu of Scout camps, their participants helped in local agriculture. Chief Guide Vlasta Koseová became the Vice-chairman of the World Committee of WAGGGS and Chairman Dr. Velen Fanderlik was a member of the World Scout Committee of WOSM.
However, in 1948, after the Communist coup, Junák was disbanded; beginning in 1949, trials were held against various Junák Commissioners, some of whom were sentenced to many years of imprisonment in communist concentration camps, where many of them died. Many Junák troops continued to meet in secret, ironically using the cell method developed by Lenin (as was also the case in neighboring Hungary). In 1968, during the Prague Spring, the Scouts again began meeting openly, until it was banned by order of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, in October 1970. During that period, the number of Scouts in Czechoslovakia was 65,000. Again, many Junák units continued to operate in secret.
After the 1989 Velvet Revolution, Junák was one of the first organisations to re-emerge from working underground, by then, for the fourth time in its history. By the close of 1989, the number of Scouts in Czechoslovakia was 80,000. On 1 February 1990, the Federation of Czech and Slovak Scouting was officially registered, paving the way for its re-admittance to the World Organization during the World Scout Conference in Paris in July 1990, re-recognised by the major world Scouting organisations (see below). Upon Czechoslovakia's dissolution on December 31, 1992, Cesky Junák (as it was then called) and Slovenský Skauting were required to apply for membership of the World Organization as the national member organizations of the Czech Republic and Republic of Slovakia, respectively. On June 30, 1996, Junák-Svaz Skautů a Skautek was welcomed as the 141st member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. In 1998, Junák became one of the founding members of the Czech Council of Children and Youth, a national youth council that aims to protect the rights and interests of Czech young people. Membership in 1998 was 57,979 Scouts and Guides in the Czech Republic. During the summer of 1998, 1,361 camps were held and 32,177 Scouts and Guides participated in these camps. In 2001, Junák hosted the European Guide and Scout Conference, in Prague.
[edit] Organisation and Structure
Czech Scouts within Junák are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), the Guides are members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), and the Old Scouts and Guides of the International Scout and Guide Fellowship (ISGF).
The association has a total membership of some 70,000 (approximately 60% male) operating in a country with a population of around 10.3 million people. Junák is a "Scout and Guide National Organization" in accordance with the Statement on Relationships between WAGGGS and WOSM.
The organisational body of Junák is divided into 14 regions and 80 districts, overseen by the National Assembly (14 elected, 17 appointed by regions and independent bodies), led by the Chief Scout and Chief Guide, who, in turn, appoint the Chairman and various administrative officers within Junák.
Communications between the districts and regions, and to Junák headquarters, is quite efficient; monthly information packages are sent to all groups, much of it by e-mail.
The highest award in Czech Scouting is the Three Feathers of Eagle.
[edit] Events
The Scouts and Guides in Junák organise many events on the national and local level. The most well-known of these is Svojsik's Race, which takes place every two years. Junák scouts hosted Intercamp in 1994, and the Water Scouts hold a national water-themed jamboree, Navigamus. Junák Scouts also organise monetary drives and information campaigns, in support of cancer research and blood drives. Every Christmas, Czech Scouts distribute the Bethlehem Light around the country.
Junák publishes four magazines, for its various divisions, as well as various other materials, numbering roughly 15-20 different publications a year. The organisation also maintains Scout/Guide centres around the country, run by their respective districts and other groups. Some of these are open to the public, for a nominal fee, as self-service accommodation.
[edit] Program
- Vlcata and Svetlusky/Cubs and Fireflies-ages 6 to 10
- Skauti and Skautky/Scouts and Guides-ages 11 to 15
- Roveri/Rovers and Rangers-ages 15 to 26
As Native American symbology and mythology has been popular in Central Europe since the 1880s, the highest rank is the Three Feathers of Eagle.
[edit] Scout and Guide ideals and symbology
The Scout Motto (Skautské heslo) is Buď připraven, translating as Be Prepared in Czech. The Czech noun for a single Scout is Skaut.
The famous painter Mikoláš Aleš created the Czech Scout emblem-the symbol is the Scout lily, with the head of a Chodovian dog (a legendary symbol of faithfulness and freedom, the historical symbol of Czech frontiersmen), placed on the trefoil. The musician Karel Kovařovic composed the Czech Scout anthem.
[edit] Scout Oath (Skautský slib)
Slibuji na svou čest, jak dovedu nejlépe: sloužit nejvyšší Pravdě a Lásce věrně v každé době, plnit povinnosti vlastní a zachovávat zákony skautské, duší i tělem být připraven pomáhat vlasti a bližním.
Složení slibu mohou věřící skauti zakončit prosbou: K tomu mi dopomáhej Bůh.
I promise on my honour that I will do my best:
- To serve the Highest Truth and Love, faithfully at all times
- To fulfill all my own duties and to observe Scout/Guide laws
- To be prepared to help my country and my neighbors with all my soul and body
- May God help me so.
[edit] Scout Law (Skautský zákon)
- Skaut je pravdomluvný. (A Scout speaks the truth.)
- Skaut je věrný a oddaný. (A Scout can be trusted and is loyal.)
- Skaut je prospěšný a pomáhá jiným. (A Scout is useful to society and helps others.)
- Skaut je přítelem všech lidí dobré vůle a bratrem každého skauta. (A Scout is a friend to all people of good will and a brother/sister to all Scouts and Guides.)
- Skaut je zdvořilý. (A Scout is courteous.)
- Skaut je ochráncem přírody a cenných výtvorů lidských. (A Scout protects nature and valuable human products.)
- Skaut je poslušný rodičů, představených a vůdců. (A Scout obeys his/her parents, superiors and Scout/Guide leaders.)
- Skaut je veselé mysli. (A Scout is of cheerful mind.)
- Skaut je hospodárný. (A Scout is thrifty.)
- Skaut je čistý v myšlenkách, slovech i skutcích. (A Scout is pure in thought, word and deeds.)
[edit] Other Scout organizations active in the Czech Republic
Other Scout organizations active in the Czech Republic include
Asociace Skautek a Skautů Evropy (ASSE), belonging to the Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts d'Europe [1]
Skaut-Ceský Scouting ABS (nonaligned to a supranational organization) [2]- Svaz Skautů a Skautek (nonaligned to a supranational organization) [3]
YMCA-Skaut (nonaligned to a supranational organization) [4]
Harcerstwo Polskie w Republice Czeskiej (a Polish emigré Scout group) [5]
Serving the Czech community outside of the country is a combined Scouts-in-Exile organization, Czech and Slovak Scouts Abroad.
[edit] International Scouting units in the Czech Republic
In addition, there are USA Girl Scouts Overseas in Prague, serviced by way of USAGSO headquarters in New York; as well as In addition, there are American Cub Scouts and Boy Scouts, linked to the Horizon District of the Transatlantic Council of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units in west-and-central Europe, the Near East and North Africa.
[edit] See also
- Jaroslav Foglar, propagator of Scouting in Czechoslovakia
[edit] References
| Members of the European Scout Region |
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Full members: Albania | Austria | Belgium | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bulgaria | Croatia | Cyprus | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | Finland | France | Germany | Greece | Hungary | Iceland | Ireland | Israel | Italy | Latvia | Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Republic of Macedonia | Malta | Monaco | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Romania | San Marino | Serbia and Montenegro | Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | Turkey | United Kingdom |
| Members of the Europe Region of WAGGGS |
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Full members: Austria | Belarus | Belgium | Cyprus | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | Finland | France | Germany | Greece | Iceland | Ireland | Israel | Italy | Latvia | Liechtenstein | Luxembourg | Malta | Monaco | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | Turkey | United Kingdom |
| Scouts-in-Exile |
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Historic Scouts-in-Exile: Armenia | Belarus | Cambodia | Czech Republic | Estonia | Latvia | Lithuania | Poland | Russian Federation | Slovakia | Slovenia |
