Judo rules
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article describes the rules of judo. The main sections of the article describe the rules that apply to any situation in which judo is practiced, and those rules which apply only in judo competitions. Separate sections describe the history of the rules of judo, provide links to other sources of information on judo rules, and list the references for this article.
Contents |
[edit] Rules that apply to any judo practice or competition
[edit] Rules related to safety
- Intentionally injuring an opponent is not permitted.
- Punching, kicking, and other strikes are not allowed.
- Touching the face is not allowed.
- Attacking joints other than the elbow is not allowed. (IJF Rules, Section 27.b.25)
- Head dives are not permitted. (IJF Rules, Section 27.b.32)
- The technique known as kawazu gake is not permitted. (IJF Rules, Section 27.b.24)
- The technique known as kani basami is not permitted.
- Wearing any hard or metallic object during competition is not permitted. The penalty for violating this rule is hansoku make (see Penalties, below). (IJF Rules, Section 27.b.34)
[edit] Rules related to etiquette
- Contestants must bow before stepping onto the mat.
- Contestants must bow to each other before and after practice or competition.
[edit] Rules that apply only to judo competition
- Stalling is not permitted.
- Adopting a defensive posture is not permitted.
- It is required to bow to the competition area.
[edit] Scoring
- Awarding of ippon
- Awarding of waza-ari
- Awarding of yuko
- Awarding of koka
- Awarding of score for penalties called on the opponent
[edit] Penalties
Two types of penalties may be awarded. A shido is awarded for minor rule infringements. The penalty of hansoku make is awarded for major rule infringements, or for accumulating four shidos. If hansoku make is awarded for a major rule infringement, it results not just in loss of the match, but in expulsion from the tournament. See Angus (2006) pp. 15-18 for detailed explanation of judo penalties.
[edit] The competition area
The competition area must be padded with tatami. The minimum allowable size is 14 meters by 14 meters. The match takes place in an 8 meter by 8 meter to 10 meter by 10 meter zone within this larger area. A safety zone around this area is required. When two competition areas are side by side, there must be at least a 3-meter safety zone between them. (IJF Referee Rules, Section 1, Competition Area)
[edit] Rules related to grips
Rules related to grips are primarily motivated by the desire to avoid stalling.
- Deliberately avoiding gripping and being gripped by the opponent is not permitted (IJF rules, Section 27.a.1).
- Maintaining a non-standard grip for longer than 3-5 seconds is not permitted.
- Holding the opponent's belt for longer than 3-5 seconds is not permitted.
- A "pistol grip" on the opponent's sleeve is not permitted (IJF rules, Section 27.a.12).
- Gripping with both hands on the same side of the opponent's body for longer than 3-5 seconds is not permitted.
[edit] Rules related to age
Judo competitions typically have some safety-related rules related to age: chokes are prohibited under a certain age (typically 13 ([1])),and arm bars are prohibited under a certain age.
Age also affects the length of matches. Match length is typically three minutes for children, five minutes for teenagers and young adults, and three minutes for adults thirty years of age or older.
[edit] Rules related to the gi
Rules related to the gi are primarily related either to safety or to preventing contestants from wearing gis that prevent their opponent from being able to get a grip on them.
- The sleeves of the jacket are not allowed to be too short. They must reach to at least 5 cm above the wrists with the arms extended in front of the body (IJF Rules, Section 3.d).
- The legs of the trousers are not allowed to be too short. They must reach to at least 5 cm above the ankle (IJF Rules, Section 3.e).
[edit] Rules related to medical treatment, illness, and injury
The official IJF rules related to the provision of medical treatment and to the proper handling of situations involving illness or injury are relatively long and involved, since the exact nature and cause of an injury may themselves affect the awarding of the match, and since receiving some types of medical treatment, but not others, automatically ends the match. The latter fact makes it necessary for medical attendants at judo matches to have some understanding of this rather complex aspect of the rules of judo.
[edit] History of the rules of judo
- Effect of Russian gripping strategies on the grip-related rules (see Angus, p. 29)
- Motivation for banning of kani basami
- Motivation for banning of head-dives
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- The IJF rules are the official reference for the rules of judo competition (see External Links, above).
- Mastering judo by Masao Takahashi et al., explains a number of aspects of the rules. General rules of competition, etiquette, and the penalty system are covered in Chapter 2. ISBN 0-7360-5099-X.
- The first chapter of Competitive judo: winning training and techniques, by Ron Angus, is devoted to explaining a number of aspects of the rules. ISBN 0-7360-5744-7.
 |
This article related to the martial arts is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
