Juan de Herrera

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Juan de Herrera (b. Movellán (Cantabria), Spain 1530 - d. Madrid, Spain 1593) was a Spanish architect and mathematician.

One of the most outstanding Spanish architects in the 16th century, Herrera represents the peak of the Renaissance in Spain. Its sober and even nude style developed in buildings like the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial was called Herreriano after him and was representative of the architecture of the Spanish Empire of Philip II and his Austrian succesors.

As a Renaissance man, he got interested with all the branches of the knowlegdge of his times. His Discurso sobre la figura cúbica (Speech of the Cubic form) tells us about his notable knowledge about Geometry and Mathematics. He also participied in the military campaigns of Charles V in Germany, Flanders and Italy.

[edit] Architecture

Juan de Herrera completed his studies at the University of Valladolid in the spring of 1548. He started his architectural career in 1561 with the works in the Royal Palace of Aranjuez.

In 1563 he starts his collaborations with Juan Bautista de Toledo in the construction of El Escorial. In 1562 he had written the Book of the Astronomical knowledge (Libro del saber de astronomía). After the death of Juan Bautista de Toledo in 1567, Herrera becomes the director architect of the works. Herrera modifies the plans and enlarges the program, changing the image of the façades and introducing his personal sober style. The main keys of his design are the impressive horizontal unified composition and the nude use of the granite, omitting the classical orders for large surfaces.

He builds the monumental western façade, the Basilica with its central composition plan and the pavillion of the Patio de los Evangelistas (Court of the Evangelists). He also modifies the constructive techniques an the roofing. This style introduced in the monastery influenced Spanish architecture for over a century with the name of Herreriano style.

The plans of the Cathedral of Valladolid and the Archivo General de Indias were also designed by him. He was the first original designer for the Plaza Mayor in Madrid.

[edit] Gallery

Façade of the Monastery of El Escorial	Detail of the Court of the Kings, in El Escorial.	Dome of the Basilica of El Escorial	Segovia Bridge, in Madrid
Houses in front of the Monastery of El Escorial.	Archivo de Indias, Seville	Model of the proyect of Herrera for the Cathedral of Valladolid.