Juan Yagüe
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Juan Yagüe Blanco (1891 – October 29, 1952) was a Spanish army officer during the Spanish Civil War.
The son of a doctor, he enrolled at a young age in the Infantry Academy of Toledo, where Francisco Franco was a fellow cadet. The two men received their commissions concurrently and served together in Africa, where Yagüe was wounded on several occasions and received several decorations.
Yagüe was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1932. He, along with Franco and General López Ochoa, helped suppress a workers uprising in Asturias using Moroccan Regulars and Legionnaires in 1934. He was a strong early supporter of the Falange Española and a close personal friend of José Antonio Primo de Rivera.
When Niceto Alcalá-Zamora was replaced as President of the Republic by the left-wing Manuel Azaña on May 10, 1936, a group of Spanish Army officers, including Yagüe, Emilio Mola, Francisco Franco, Gonzalo Queipo de Llano and José Sanjurjo, started plotting to overthrow the Popular Front government. This led to a military uprising which precipitated the Spanish Civil War on July 17, 1936.
Yagüe's forces revolted in Ceuta before crossing the Straits of Gibraltar to link up with Nationalist forces in Seville, led by Queipo de Llano. Yagüe advanced northward, first seizing Mérida before attacking Badajoz with 3,000 troops on August 14, 1936. Bitter street fighting took place when the Nationalists advanced into the city. Yagüe's forces eventually gained control of Badajoz, with both sides suffering heavy casualties.
Under Yagüe's direction thousands of prisoners and civilians, including women and children, were executed in Badajoz and buried in common graves, in one of the biggest massacres performed by the Nationalist during the Spanish Civil War. [1] [2] [3] [4] Before leaving the city, Yagüe was inquired by the american journalist John T. Whitaker about the reason to kill all that people and he answered: [5]
"Of course that we have killed them. What did you suppose? Will I take 4.000 red prisoners with my column, having to advance against the clock? Or will I leave them in my rearguard so that Badajoz will be red another time?"
According to other sources[citation needed], the total amount of civilian deaths until the end of 1936 (including KIA) was 1.500 and, thus, those killed during August 1936 were between 200 and 600[citation needed], being in conflict with the thousands indicated by the majority of historians [4].
Yagüe was then promoted to colonel and afterwards advanced on Madrid, capturing Trujillo, Navalmoral de la Mata and Talavera de la Reina, but was unable to take the capital. He took part in the Aragón offensive and seized control of Belchite, Caspe and Lérida. He also played a leading role in the Nationalist victory at the Battle of the Ebro. In May 1938, Yagüe was removed from his command and imprisoned for injudicious remarks he made in a speech at Burgos, critical of Franco. He was back at the front within weeks.
It has been said that he was the only commander of Spanish forces that the Condor Legion respected [6]. Yagüe never showed panic even when the enemy was close by, and was able to adjust battle plans quickly in order to suit changing circumstances (they hated Mola for his cautious approach).
After the collapse of the Republic in 1939, Yagüe was promoted to major general and appointed as Minister of Air by General Franco. He was made a lieutenant general in 1942 and was posthumously made commander in chief.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Rafael Tenorio, Las matanzas de Badajoz (Spanish).
- ^ Mario Neves (1986) "La matanza de Badajoz. Crónica de un testigo de uno de los episodios más tragicos de la guerra civil de España". Salamanca, Editora Regional de Extremadura.
- ^ Jay Allen (30 of August, 1935) "Slaughter of 4000 at Badajoz, City of Horrors", Chicago Tribune.
- ^ a b Robert Payne (1962) "The Civil War in Spain, 1936-1939". New York, Puttnam.
- ^ John T. Whitaker (1943) "We cannot escape history". New York, Macmillan.
- ^ Antony Beevor, "The Spanish Civil War"
