Joseph Labadie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charles Joseph Antoine Labadie (April 18, 1850 – October 7, 1933) was an American labor organizer, anarchist, social activist, printer, publisher, essayist, and poet.
Labadie was born on April 18, 1850, in Paw Paw, Michigan. "Jo", as he was always called, joined the newly formed Socialist Labor Party in Detroit at the age of 27 and soon was distributing socialist tracts on street corners. As a printer, he was also a member of Detroit's Typographical Union 18 and was one of its two delegates to the International Typographical Union convention in Detroit in 1878.
In 1878 Labadie organized Detroit's first assembly of the Knights of Labor, and ran unsuccessfully for mayor on the Greenback-Labor ticket. In 1880, he served as first president of the Detroit Trades Council, and continued issuing a succession of labor papers and columns for the national labor press, including the Detroit Times, Advance and Labor Leaf, Labor Review, The Socialist, and Lansing Sentinel, which were admired for their forthright style. His column "Cranky Notions" was widely published.
In 1883, disenchanted with socialism, Labadie embraced individualist anarchism, a non-violent doctrine. He became closely allied with Benjamin Tucker, the country's foremost exponent of that doctrine, and frequently wrote for the latter's publication, "Liberty." Without the oppression of the state, Labadie believed, humans would choose to harmonize with "the great natural laws...without robbing [their] fellows through interest, profit, rent and taxes." However, his opposition to the State was not complete, as he supported government control of water utilities, streets, and railroads (Martin). Although he did not support the militant anarchism of the Haymarket anarchists, he fought for the clemency of the accused because he did not believe they were the perpetators. He broke with the Knights of Labor because its leader, Terence Powderly, repudiated them.
In 1888, Labadie organized the Michigan Federation of Labor, became its first president, and forged an alliance with Samuel Gompers. At age fifty he began writing verse and publishing artistic hand-crafted booklets. In 1908, the city postal inspector banned his mail because it bore stickers with anarchist quotations. A month later the Detroit water board, where he was working as a clerk, dismissed him for expressing anarchist sentiments. In both cases, the officials were forced to back down in the face of massive public protest for the person well-known in Detroit as its "Gentle Anarchist".
Beginning in the early 1900s, Labadie’s extensive collection of labor literature was sought by several universities for the growing field of labor scholarship. Labadie chose the University of Michigan, where it formed the nucleus of the renowned Labadie Collection, considered the most comprehensive repository of radical literature in the United States.
Labadie was born to Anthony and Euphrosyne Labadie, both descendants of seventeenth century French immigrants of the Labadie family who had settled on both sides of the Detroit River. His boyhood was a frontier existence among Pottawatomi tribes in southern Michigan, where his father served as interpreter between Jesuit missionaries and Indians. His only formal schooling was a few months in a parochial school. At age seventeen he began five years "tramp" printing and then settled in Detroit as a printer for the Detroit Post and Tribune. In 1877, he married his first cousin, Sophie Elizabeth Archambeau. His children were Laura, Charlotte, and Laurance, also a prominent anarchist essayist.
Joseph Labadie died on October 7, 1933, in Detroit, Michigan, at the age of 83.
[edit] References
- Anderson, Carlotta R. (1998). All-American Anarchist: Joseph A. Labadie and the Labor Movement. Wayne State University Press.
- Martin, James J. (1970). Men Against the State: The Expositors of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827-1908. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles Publisher.
- Reichert, William O. (1976). Partisans of Freedom: A Study in American Anarchism. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. ISBN 0-87972-118-9.
