John Sherman (politician)
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| John Sherman | |
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| In office March 10, 1877 – March 3, 1881 |
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| Preceded by | Lot M. Morrill |
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| Succeeded by | William Windom |
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| In office March 6, 1897 – April 27, 1898 |
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| Preceded by | Richard Olney |
| Succeeded by | William R. Day |
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| Born | May 10, 1823 Lancaster, Ohio, USA |
| Died | October 22, 1900 (aged 77) Washington, D.C., USA |
| Political party | Whig, Republican |
| Spouse | Margaret Sarah Cecilia Stewart |
| Profession | Lawyer, Politician, Engineer |
John Sherman nicknamed "The Ohio Icicle" (May 10, 1823 – October 22, 1900) was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Ohio during the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. He served as both Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State and was the principal author of the Sherman Antitrust Act. His older brother Charles Taylor Sherman was a US Judge in Ohio, his other brother was the well known Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman, and his younger brother was successful banker Hoyt Sherman.
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[edit] Early life
Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, to Mary Hoyt Sherman and Charles Robert Sherman, a justice in the Ohio Supreme Court. When he died in 1829, John's mother was left with eleven children to take care of. His brother, William, went to live with Maria and Thomas Ewing who where friends of the Sherman's.
Sherman was educated at common schools as well as an academy in Ohio, but left early to work as an engineer on canal projects. He later began studying law and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He became partners with his brother the same year and practiced out of Mansfield, Ohio. He married Margaret Sarah Stewart in 1848, the daughter of an Ohio judge.
[edit] Political career
After his marriage, Sherman took up an interest in politics. He was a delegate to the 1848 Whig National Convention which nominated General Zachary Taylor for the presidency and again to the 1852 Whig National Convention which nominated General Winfield Scott. In 1853, he moved to Cleveland, Ohio. In 1854, he was elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives for Ohio's thirteenth district where he served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means from 1859 to 1861.
After Senator Salmon P. Chase resigned to become the Secretary of the Treasury, Sherman was elected to fill his seat. There, he served as chairman of the Committee on Agriculture from 1863 to 1867 and chairman of the Committee on Finance from 1863 to 1865 and again from 1867 to 1877. In 1877, newly elected President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed Sherman Secretary of the Treasury. He served in the postion through the entire Hayes administration, 1877 to 1881.
In 1880, he sought the Republican nomination for the presidency hoping to become a compromise candidate between Ulysses S. Grant and James G. Blaine, but lost it to his campaign manager James A. Garfield.
When his term as Treasury Secretary expired, Sherman was elected back to the Senate to fill the seat which was originally elected to James A. Garfield, but Garfield had also won the election to the presidency that year. Sherman served as chairman of the Committee on the Library from 1881 to 1887, chairman of the Republican Conference from 1884 to 1885 and again from 1891 to 1897 and chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations from 1885 to 1893 and again from 1895 to 1897. He was also elected to be President pro tempore of the Senate which he served as from 1885 to 1887. Due to the death of Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks, Sherman was next in line for the presidency from December of 1885 to January of 1886. He had run for the presidency two more times in 1884 and 1888, but, again, lost the bids to James G. Blaine and Benjamin Harrison.
In 1890, Sherman wrote and introduced the Sherman Antitrust Act, the first United States Federal Government action to limit monopolies. It is oldest of all antitrust laws in the United States. It was signed by President Benjamin Harrison that year.
In 1897, newly elected President William McKinley appointed Sherman Secretary of State. He proved to be ineffective in the position and in 1898, McKinley replaced Sherman with Assistant Secretary of State William R. Day.
[edit] Death
Sherman retired from public life after resigning as Secretary of State. He died in Washington, D.C., and was interred in Mansfield City Cemetery in Mansfield, Ohio, with his wife, Margaret.
[edit] External links
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- John Sherman at Find A Grave
- John Sherman at The Political Graveyard
- John Sherman at the Department of State
- John Sherman at the Department of the Treasury
- John Sherman at the NNDB
| United States Secretaries of the Treasury |  |
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| Hamilton • Wolcott • Dexter • Gallatin • Campbell • Dallas • Crawford • Rush • Ingham • McLane • Duane • Taney • Woodbury • Ewing • Forward • Spencer • Bibb • Walker • Meredith • Corwin • Guthrie • Cobb • Thomas • Dix • Chase • Fessenden • McCulloch • Boutwell • Richardson • Bristow • Morrill • Sherman • Windom • Folger • Gresham • McCulloch • Manning • Fairchild • Windom • Foster • Carlisle • Gage • Shaw • Cortelyou • MacVeagh • McAdoo • Glass • Houston • Mellon • Mills • Woodin • Morgenthau • Vinson • Snyder • Humphrey • Anderson • Dillon • Fowler • Barr • Kennedy • Connally • Shultz • Simon • Blumenthal • Miller • Regan • Baker • Brady • Bentsen • Rubin • Summers • O'Neill • Snow • Paulson |
| United States Secretaries of State |  |
|---|---|
| Jefferson • Randolph • Pickering • J Marshall • Madison • Smith • Monroe • Adams • Clay • Van Buren • Livingston • McLane • Forsyth • Webster • Upshur • Calhoun • Buchanan • Clayton • Webster • Everett • Marcy • Cass • Black • Seward • Washburne • Fish • Evarts • Blaine • Frelinghuysen • Bayard • Blaine • Foster • Gresham • Olney • Sherman • Day • Hay • Root • Bacon • Knox • Bryan • Lansing • Colby • Hughes • Kellogg • Stimson • Hull • Stettinius • Byrnes • G Marshall • Acheson • Dulles • Herter • Rusk • Rogers • Kissinger • Vance • Muskie • Haig • Shultz • Baker • Eagleburger • Christopher • Albright • Powell • Rice |
This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Categories: 1823 births | 1900 deaths | Baldwin, Evarts, Hoar & Sherman family | Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio | Union political leaders | United States Secretaries of State | United States Secretaries of the Treasury | United States Senators from Ohio | Ohio lawyers
