John Lee Hooker

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John Lee Hooker

Born August 22, 1917
Died June 21, 2001
Genre(s) Blues
Affiliation(s) Canned Heat
Label(s) Chess Records and others
Notable guitars Epiphone Sheraton
Epiphone Sheraton II
Years active 1948-2001
Official site Official site

John Lee Hooker (August 22, 1917 – June 21, 2001) was an influential American post-war blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter born in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi. From a musical family, he was a cousin of Earl Hooker. John was also influenced by his stepfather, a local blues guitarist, who learned in Shreveport, Louisiana to play a droning, one-chord blues that was strikingly different from the Delta blues of the time.[1] John developed a half-spoken style that was his trademark. Though, similar to the early Delta blues, his music was rhythmically free. His best known songs include "Boogie Chillen" (1948) and "Boom Boom" (1962).

Contents

[edit] Biography

John Lee Hooker was born on 22 August 1917[2] in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi, [1] the youngest of the eleven children of William Hooker (1871–1923), a sharecropper and a Baptist preacher, and Minnie Ramsey (1875-?). John and his numerous siblings were permitted to listen only to religious songs, with his earliest musical exposure being the spirituals sung in church. In 1921, his parents separated. The next year, his mother married William Moore, a blues singer who provided John's first introduction to the guitar (and whom John would later credit for his distinctive playing style).[3] The year after that (1923), John's natural father died; and at age 15, John ran away from home, never to see his mother and step-father again.[4]

Throughout the 1930s, Hooker lived in Memphis where he worked on Beale Street and occasionally performed at house parties.[1] He worked in factories in various cities during World War II, drifting until he found himself in Detroit in 1948 working at Ford Motor Company. He felt right at home near the blues venues and saloons on Hastings Street, the heart of black entertainment on Detroit's east side. In a city noted for its piano players, guitar players were scarce. Performing in Detroit clubs, his popularity grew quickly, and seeking a louder instrument than his crude acoustic guitar, he bought his first electric guitar.[5]

Hooker's recording career began in 1948 when his agent placed a demo tape, made by Hooker, with the Bihari brothers, owners of the Modern Records label. The company initially released an up-tempo number, "Boogie Chillen", which became Hooker's first hit single.[1]

Though they were not songwriters, the Biharis often purchased or claimed co-authorship of songs that appeared on their labels, thus securing songwriting royalties for themselves, in addition to their other streams of income .

Sometimes these songs were older tunes renamed (B.B.King's "Rock Me Baby"), anonymous jams ("B.B.'s Boogie") or songs by employees (bandleader Vince Weaver). The Biharis used a number of pseudonyms for songwriting credits: Jules was credited as Jules Taub; Joe as Joe Josea; and Sam as Sam Ling. One song by John Lee Hooker, "Down Child" is solely credited to "Taub", with Hooker recieving no credit for the song whatsoever. Another, "Turn Over a New Leaf" is credited to Hooker and "Ling".

Despite being illiterate, Hooker was a prolific lyricist. In addition to adapting the occasionally traditional blues lyric (such as "if I was chief of police, I would run her right out of town"), he freely invented many of his songs from scratch. Recording studios in the 1950s rarely paid black musicians more than a pittance, so Hooker would spend the night wandering from studio to studio, coming up with new songs or variations on his songs for each studio. Due to his recording contract, he would record these songs under obvious pseudonyms such as "John Lee Booker", "Johnny Hooker", or "John Cooker."[6]

His early solo songs were recorded under Bernie Besman. John Lee Hooker rarely played on a standard beat, changing tempo to fit the needs of the song. This made it nearly impossible to add backing tracks. As a result, Besman would record Hooker, in addition to playing guitar and singing, stomping along with the music on a wooden palette.[7]

He appeared and sang in the 1980 movie The Blues Brothers. Due to Hooker's improvisatory style, his performance was filmed and sound-recorded live at Chicago's Maxwell Street Market, in contrast to the usual "playback" technique used in most film musicals.[8] Hooker was also a direct influence in the look of John Belushi's character Jake Blues, borrowing his trademark sunglasses and soul patch.

In 1989, he joined with a number of musicians, including Keith Richards and Carlos Santana to record The Healer, which won a Grammy award — one of many awards. Hooker recorded several songs with Van Morrison, including "Never Get Out of These Blues Alive", "The Healing Game" and "I Cover the Waterfront". He also appeared on stage with Van Morrison several times, some of which was released on the live album A Night in San Francisco.

Hooker recorded over 100 albums. He lived the last years of his life in the San Francisco Bay Area, where, in 1997, he opened a nightclub called "John Lee Hooker's Boom Boom Room", after one of his hits.[9]

He fell ill just before a tour of Europe in 2001 and died soon afterwards at the age of 83. The last song Hooker recorded before his death, is "Ali D'Oro", a collaboration with the Italian soul singer Zucchero, in which Hooker sang the chorus "I lay down with an angel". He was survived by eight children, nineteen grandchildren, numerous great-grandchildren and a nephew.

Among his many awards, John Lee Hooker has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and in 1991 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Two of his songs, "Boogie Chillen" and "Boom Boom" were named to the list of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. "Boogie Chillen" was included as one of the Songs of the Century. He was also inducted in 1980 into the Blues Hall of Fame. In 2000, Hooker was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

[edit] Music

John Lee Hooker's guitar playing is closely aligned with piano Boogie Woogie. He would play the walking bass pattern with his thumb, stopping to emphasize the end of a line with a series of trills, done by rapid hammer-ons and pull-offs. The songs that most epitomize his early sound are "Boogie Chillen", about being 17 and wanting to go out to dance at the Boogie clubs, "Baby Please Don't Go", a more typical blues song, summed up by its title, and "Tupelo", a stunningly sad song about the flooding of Tupelo, Mississippi.

He maintained a solo career, popular with blues and folk music fans of the early 1960s and crossed over to white audiences, giving an early opportunity to the young Bob Dylan. As he got older, he added more and more people to his band, changing his live show from simply Hooker with his guitar to a large band, with Hooker singing.

His vocal phrasing was less closely tied to specific bars than most blues singers'. This casual, rambling style had been gradually diminishing with the onset of electric blues bands from Chicago but, even when not playing solo, Hooker retained it in his sound.

Though Hooker lived in Detroit during most his career, he is not associated with the Chicago-style blues prevalent in large northern cities, as much as he is with the southern rural blues styles, known as delta blues, country blues, folk blues, or "front porch blues". His use of an electric guitar tied together the Delta blues with the emerging post-war electric blues.[10]

His songs have been covered by The Doors, Led Zeppelin, Van Morrison, The Yardbirds, The Animals, R.L. Burnside, and The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion. One of his later songs, "Harry's Philosophy", was heavily sampled by acid jazz DJ St. Germain for use on the song "Sure Thing", off St. Germain's album Tourist.

[edit] Quotes

  • "It don't take me no three days to record no album." (during the recording of the double album Hooker 'N Heat with Canned Heat.)
  • "I don't play a lot of fancy guitar. I don't want to play it. The kind of guitar I want to play is mean, mean licks." (when describing his own music in an article from The Daily News, Atlanta, Ga. 1992)

[edit] Discography

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

[edit] Singles

John Lee Hooker issued a very large number of singles, with over 100 releases by 1960 [1].

[edit] Albums

  • 1948-1954 - Original Folk Blues (released on United)
  • 1959 - How Long Blues (released on United)
  • 1959 - I'm John Lee Hooker (Vee Jay Records)
  • 1959 - The Folk Blues of John Lee Hooker (Riverside)
  • 1959 - Burning Hell (Riverside)
  • 1960 - Travelin' (Vee Jay Records)
  • 1960 - That's My Story (Riverside)
  • 1960 - House Of The Blues
  • 1960 - Blues Man
  • 1960 - I'm John Lee Hooker
  • 1961 - John Lee Hooker Sings The Blues
  • 1961 - Plays And Sings The Blues
  • 1961 - The Folk Lore of John Lee Hooker
  • 1962 - Burnin'
  • 1962 - Drifting the Blues
  • 1962 - The Blues
  • 1962 - Tupelo Blues
  • 1963 - Don't Turn Me from Your Door: John Lee Hooker Sings His Blues
  • 1964 - Burning Hell
  • 1964 - Great Blues Sounds
  • 1964 - I Want to Shout the Blues
  • 1964 - The Big Soul of John Lee Hooker
  • 1964 - The Great John Lee Hooker (Japan only)
  • 1965 - Hooker & The Hogs
  • 1966 - It Serves You Right to Suffer
  • 1966 - The Real Folk Blues
  • 1967 - Live at Cafè Au Go-Go
  • 1968 - Hooked on Blues
  • 1969 - Get Back Home
  • 1969 - If You Miss'Im I Got'Im
  • 1969 - Simply The Truth
  • 1969 - That's Where It's At!
  • 1969 - Get Back Home (First Issue)
  • 1970 - If You Miss 'Im...I Got 'Im
  • 1970 - John Lee Hooker on the Waterfront
  • 1970 - Moanin' and Stompin' Blues
  • 1971 - Endless Boogie
  • 1971 - Goin' Down Highway 51
  • 1971 - Half A Stranger
  • 1971 - Hooker 'N' Heat/Infinite boogie
  • 1971 - I Feel Good
  • 1971 - Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive
  • 1972 - Detroit Special
  • 1972 - Live At Soledad Prison
  • 1973 - Born In Mississippi, Raised Up In Tennessee
  • 1974 - Free Beer And Chicken
  • 1974 - Mad Man Blues
  • 1976 - Alone
  • 1976 - In Person
  • 1977 - Black Snake
  • 1977 - Dusty Road
  • 1978 - The Cream
  • 1979 - Sad And Lonesome
  • 1980 - Everybody Rockin'
  • 1980 - Sittin' Here Thinkin'
  • 1981 - Hooker 'n' Heat (Recorded Live at the Fox Venice Theatre)
  • 1986 - Jealous
  • 1988 - Trouble Blues
  • 1989 - Highway Of Blues
  • 1989 - John Lee Hooker's 40th Anniversary Album
  • 1989 - The Detroit Lion
  • 1989 - The Healer
  • 1990 - The Hot Spot (Featuring Miles Davis)
  • 1990 - Don't You Remember Me
  • 1991 - More Real Folk Blues: The Missing Album
  • 1991 - Mr. Lucky
  • 1992 - Boom Boom
  • 1992 - This Is Hip
  • 1992 - Urban Blues
  • 1993 - Nothing But The Blues
  • 1994 - King of the Boogie
  • 1994 - Original Folk Blues...Plus
  • 1994 - Dimples (Classic Blues)
  • 1995 - Alternative Boogie: Early Studio Recordings, 1948-1952
  • 1995 - Chill Out
  • 1995 - Whiskey & Wimmen
  • 1995 - Blues for Big Town
  • 1996 - Moanin' the Blues (Eclipse)
  • 1996 - Alone: The First Concert
  • 1997 - Don't Look Back
  • 1997 - Alone: The Second Concert
  • 1998 - Black Man Blues
  • 2000 - On Campus
  • 2001 - Concert at Newport
  • 2001 - The Cream (Re-issue)
  • 2001 - The Real Blues: Live in Houston 1979
  • 2002 - Live at Newport
  • 2003 - Face to Face
  • 2003 - Burning Hell (Our World)
  • 2003 - Rock With Me
  • 2004 - Jack O' Diamonds: The 1949 Recordings

[edit] Compilations

  • 1974 - Mad Man Blues (Chess 1951-1966)
  • 1987 - Don't Look Back
  • 1989 - The Hook: 20 Years of Hits
  • 1989 - The Boogie Chillen Man
  • 1991 - Hobo Blues
  • 1991 - The Chess Masters
  • 1991 - The Complete Chess Folk Blues Sessions (The Real Folk Blues/More Real Folk Blues)
  • 1991 - The Ultimate Collection 1948-1990
  • 1992 - Best Of: 1965-1974
  • 1992 - The Ultimate Collection (Universal)
  • 1992 - The Vee-Jay Years, 1955 - 1964
  • 1993 - Boom Boom (UK only)
  • 1993 - Boogie Man
  • 1993 - The Legendary Modern Recordings 1948-1954
  • 1994 - Blues Collection (Boogie Man)
  • 1994 - John Lee Hooker (LaserLight)
  • 1994 - The Early Years
  • 1994 - Wandering Blues
  • 1995 - Red Blooded Blues
  • 1995 - The Very Best Of
  • 1996 - Blues Legend
  • 1996 - Live at Cafe au Go-Go (and Soledad Prison)
  • 1997 - His Best Chess Sides
  • 1997 - Live In Concert
  • 1997 - The Essential Collection
  • 1998 - The Best of Friends
  • 1998 - The Complete 50's Chess Recordings
  • 1999 - Best of John Lee Hooker: 20th Century Masters
  • 1999 - This Is Hip [The Best Of]
  • 2000 - The Definitive Collection
  • 2001 - Born With The Blues
  • 2001 - Gold Collection
  • 2001 - Legendary Blues Recordings: John Lee Hooker
  • 2002 - Blues Before Sunrise
  • 2002 - The Complete - Vol. 1 [Body & Soul]
  • 2002 - The Complete - Vol. 2 [Body & Soul]
  • 2002 - The Complete - Vol. 3 [Body & Soul]
  • 2002 - The Complete - Vol. 4 [Body & Soul]
  • 2002 - The Classic Early Years 1948-51 (UK, London's JSP Records,4CD's)
  • 2002 - The Real Folk Blues/More Real Folk Blues
  • 2002 - Timeless Collection
  • 2003 - Blues Kingpins
  • 2003 - Final Recordings, Vol. 1: Face to Face
  • 2003 - The Collection 1948-52
  • 2004 - Don't Look Back: Complete Blues
  • 2004 - The Complete - Vol. 5 [Body & Soul]
  • 2005 - The Complete - Vol. 6 [Body & Soul]
  • 2005 - The Early Years - Vol. 1
  • 2006 - Hooker (4CD Box-set covering his whole career)

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Palmer, Robert (1982). Deep Blues. United States: Penguin Books, p. 242-243. ISBN 0-14-006223-8. 
  2. ^ There is some debate as to the year of Hooker's birth. 1915, 1917, 1920, and 1923 have all been given.(Boogie Man, p. 22) 1917 is the one most commonly cited, although Hooker himself claimed, at times, 1920, which would have made him "the same age as the recorded blues" (p. 59)
  3. ^ Conversation with the Blues CD Included By Paul Oliver, p. 188
    See also: Guitar Facts By Bennett Joe, Trevor Curwen, Cliff Douse, Joe Bennett, p. 76
  4. ^ Boogie Man p.43
  5. ^ Oliver, Paul (1984). Blues Off the Record. New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press, p. 116-118. ISBN 0-306-80321-6. 
  6. ^ Liner notes to Alternative Boogie: Early Studio Recordings, 1948-1952
  7. ^ Boogie Man p. 121
  8. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080455/trivia
  9. ^ "Discovering the Blues of John Lee Hooker" Adapted from: Blues For Dummies, by Lonnie Brooks, Cub Koda, Wayne Baker Brooks, Dan Aykroyd, ISBN 0-7645-5080-2, August 1998
  10. ^ http://www.rhino.com/RZine/StoryKeeper.lasso?StoryID=203

[edit] References

[edit] External links

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