Joe Boys
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Joe Boys (AKA Chung Ching Yee, Chinese: 忠精義, Pinyin: Zhōngjīngyì, Cantonese: Jung1 jing1 yi6) was a Chinese youth gang founded in the 1960s in San Francisco's Chinatown. Joe Boys was originally known as "Joe Fong Boys", after its founder Joe Fong. Fong was a former member of Wah Ching.
Author Bill Lee, a former Joe Boys gang member, wrote extensively of his life, the Chinese underworld, and the gang's history in his book Chinese Playground: A Memoir. In 1977, the Joe Boys were involved in a shootout with another gang, Wah Ching, due to Wah Ching vandalism of several Joe Boys members' graves, breaking an unspoken code that the dead should be honored. The attack took place at the Golden Dragon Restaurant in San Francisco Chinatown and became subsequently known as the Golden Dragon Massacre.
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