Jitney Jungle
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Jitney Jungle was a chain of supermarkets that got its start in Jackson, Mississippi, in 1919.
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[edit] Origins
Originally, two brothers named Judson McCarty Holman and William Henry Holman and their cousin, William Bonner McCarty, founded a charge-and-carry grocery store in Jackson in 1912. Over the next few years, they opened additional stores, but in 1916, one of their stores found itself unable to collect the amounts owed by some of its customers, and the idea of changing over to a cash-and-carry business model began to take root. While W. H. Holman was away serving in World War I, his brother and cousin decided to change over to cash-and-carry, and after he returned from the war, they opened the first Jitney Jungle on East Capitol Street in Jackson on 19 April 1919.[1]
The three patented the Jitney Jungle concept in 1920, but were soon hit with a patent infringement lawsuit brought by Piggly Wiggly. To disprove the infringement allegations, Will McCarty made a trip west and found cash-and-carry stores there, which contradicted Piggly Wiggly's assertion that it had originated the idea. The Supreme Court found in Jitney Jungle's favor.[1]
The chain gradually expanded across Mississippi and into neighboring states, eventually ending up with stores as far away as Florida. In 1973 the chain had 38 grocery stores, six gasoline stations, and five drugstores[1], and by 1992, Jitney Jungle had over 100 stores under several names.[2]
[edit] Decline and bankruptcy
By the mid-1990s, after merging with New York investment firm Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill and Co.[3], the chain was debt-ridden, and its ill-advised 1997 acquisition of Delchamps didn't help the situation. In 2000, Winn-Dixie acquired Jitney Jungle and Delchamps, and rebranded the stores to Winn-Dixie. [2]
In 2005, Winn-Dixie closed a large number of stores, including most of its stores in Mississippi that had previously been Jitney Jungle stores.[4] Most of these stores remain closed, with no particular prospects of being acquired and reopened.
The chain's store on East Fortification Street in Jackson, still known to many Jacksonians as "Jitney 14," remains open today as part of a relatively new local grocery chain called McDade's.
[edit] Name
There has been much local speculation about where the odd-sounding name "Jitney Jungle" came from. One legend has it that when the first store placed its first advertisement in a local newspaper, the store called itself the "Jitney Jingle" -- "jitney" was a slang word for a nickel, and the idea was that when you came out of the store, the nickels would still be jingling in your pocket because you'd saved so much money. But the newspaper, the story goes, fumbled the name of the store into "Jitney Jungle," and it stuck. However, this explanation was rejected by W. H. Holman, Jr., a member of the family who started Jitney Jungle. In his 1973 address to the Mississippi Committee of the Newcomen Society of the United States in Jackson, Holman said:
How did they get the name, Jitney-Jungle? The naming process began during a Sunday dinner at the home of Judge V. J. Stricker, a close friend of the families. The “Jitney” in the title was a popular name for the cut-rate five-cent taxis of that day, many of which were operated by returning veterans. It would be jitneys that would carry many of the cash customers to the store and back. Jitney was also a slang term for a nickel. That fitted in with the “nickel on a quarter” that the customer would save by patronizing the self-service store. Also, a popular expression of that time had to do with “jingling your jitneys in your pockets.” Thus, Judge Stricker ventured the name Jitney-Jingle. There is a legend that “Jingle” got to be “Jungle” by virtue of a printer’s error in the first advertisement. Rather it was a play on words by Mr. Will McCarty. Every Jitney would be a jungle of bargains that could save the customer a “jitney” on a quarter."[1]
[edit] Popular culture
The Jitney Jungle is mentioned in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee:
'And where are you going, Miss Stephanie?' inquired Miss Maudie.
'To the Jitney Jungle.'
Miss Maudie said she'd never seen Miss Stephanie go to the Jitney Jungle in a hat in her life.
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, chapter 16
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Holman, William Henry, Jr.. Save a Nickel on a Quarter. New York: The Newcomen Society in North America, 1974. LCCN 73-89287.
- ^ a b "What's in store for the Jackson metro-area Winn-Dixies after they close?", The Clarion-Ledger, 26 June 2005.
- ^ "Jitney Jungle, investment firm merge", Supermarket News, March 1996.
- ^ "WINN-DIXIE TAKES ACTION TO STRENGTHEN PERFORMANCE AND POSITION COMPANY FOR LONG-TERM PROFITABILITY", Winn-Dixie press release, 21 June 2005.
[edit] Other sources
- History of Jitney Jungle from before the company's demise
