Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/L2
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[edit] Section 1
- David Lewis - Ours is dab page, but this one is missing - JE English merchant and philanthropist; born in London 1823; died in Liverpool Dec. 4, 1885. Settling in Liverpool in 1840, he ......
- Samuel Lewis - We now have articles on both people. &letter=L JE] English money-lender and philanthropist; born in Birmingham 1837; died in London Jan. 13, 1901. Lewis began work when thirteen years ......
- Lichtenstadt Ours is dab JE Bohemian Talmudist; lived at Prague in the first half of the nineteenth century. He was the author of "Shesh ha-Ma'arakah," ......
[edit] Section 2
- Eliezer Liebermann (Libermann) JE Talmudist of the first half of the nineteenth century. According to G. Wolf, in his biography of Isaac Noah Mannheimer ......
- Felix Liebermann JE German historian; born July 20, 1851, in Berlin. Destined for a commercial career, he began business life in a Berlin ......
- Mattathias ben Asher Lemle Liebermann JE Rabbi and preacher in Prague in the second half of the seventeenth century; died there 1709. He was the author ......
- Das Liebermann'sche Jahrbuch JE
- Emil Liebling JE German pianist; born at Pless, Silesia, April 12, 1851. After a course in piano at the Neue Akademie der Tonkunst, ......
- Oskar Matthias Eugen Liebreich JE German physician and pharmacologist; born at Königsberg, East Prussia, Feb. 14, 1839;younger brother of Richard Liebreich. He studied first chemistry ......
- Richard Liebreich JE English ophthalmologist; born at Königsberg, East Prussia, June 30, 1830; brother of Oskar Liebreich. He received his education at the ......
- Light and Air JE See Neighboring Owners. ......
- Light of Truth JE
- Benediction on Lightning JE The Mishnah (Ber. ix. 2) prescribes, "At the sight of shooting stars or of lightning, and at hearing earthquakes, thunder, ......
- Ephraim Moses Lilien JE Austrian artist; born at Drohobicz, Galicia, in 1874. Lilien's artistic inclinations became evident early in life. He was apprenticed to ......
- Max Lilienthal JE Rabbi and educator; born at Munich Nov. 6, 1815; died at Cincinnati, Ohio, April 5, 1882; educated at the University ......
- Moses b. Isaac Judah Lima JE Lithuanian rabbinical scholar, one of the so-called Aḥaronim; born in the second decade of the seventeenth century; died about 1670. ......
- Baruch ben Judah Löb Lindau JE German mathematician; born at Hanover in 1759; died at Berlin Dec. 5, 1849. He wrote: "Reshit Limmudim," a text-book of ......
- Lindo JE One of the oldest and most esteemed of London Sephardic families; it traces its descent back to Isaac Lindo, who ......
- Alexander Lindo JE English merchant; died in London in 1818. He was connected with the West India trade, and in this connection entered ......
- David Abarbanel Lindo JE English communal worker; born in London Aug. 14, 1772; died there Feb. 26, 1852. He was an uncle of Lord ......
- Elias Chayyim Lindo JE English author and historian; born in 1783; died in London June 11, 1865. He spent the first half of his ......
- Moses Lindo JE Planter and merchant in South Carolina; born probably in England; died at Charleston, S. C., April 26, 1774. He seems ......
- Isaac Joel Linetzki JE Russo-Yiddish humorist; born at Vinnitza Sept. 8, 1839, in which town his father, Joseph Linetzki, was a Ḥasidic rabbi. At ......
- Henri Julius Lion JE Dutch journalist; born March 23, 1806, at Elberfeld; died Oct. 19, 1869. In 1824 he entered the Prussian army, and ......
- Isaac Jacob Lion JE Dutch journalist; born at Amersfort Dec. 17, 1821; died at The Hague Aug. 27, 1873. Settling in Amsterdam, he occupied ......
- Siegfried Lipiner JE Austrian poet; born at Yaroslav, Galicia, Oct. 24, 1856; educated at the gymnasia in Tarnow and Vienna and at the ......
- Lipkin JE Russo-Jewish family which derives its origin from Dob Bär Lipkin, rabbi of Plungian in the first half of the eighteenth ......
- Clara Lipman JE American actress; born in Chicago. She made her début as an ingénue with Modjeska in 1888, and subsequently played similar ......
- Samuel Philippus Lipman JE Dutch jurist; born in London April 27, 1802; died at Hilversum July 7, 1871. He was educated at Glueckstadt, Hamburg, ......
- Yom-Tob ben Solomon Lipmann-Mülhausen JE Austrian controversialist, Talmudist, and cabalist of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. According to Bishop Bodecker of Brandenburg, who wrote a ......
- Lipovetz JE Town in the government of Kiev, Russia. In 1897 it had a total population of 6,068, of which 4,500 were ......
- Chaim David Lippe JE Austrian publisher and bibliographer; born Dec. 22, 1823, at Stanislawow, Galicia; died Aug. 26, 1900, at Vienna. For some time ......
- Edouard Lippmann JE French engineer; born at Verdun Feb. 22, 1833. Educated at his native town, the lycée at Metz, and the Ecole ......
- Eduard Lippmann JE Austrian chemist; born at Prague Sept. 23, 1842; educated at the gymnasium of Vienna and the universities of Leipsic and ......
[edit] Section 3
- Gabriel Hirsch Lippmann JE German rabbi; born at Memmelsdorf, Bavaria; died at Kissingen May 26, 1864. He went in his early youth to Burgpreppach, ......
- Maurice Lippmann JE French engineer; born at Ville d'Avray (Seine-et-Oise) Sept. 27, 1847. He received his diploma as bachelor of law in 1869. ......
- Lippold JE German physician and financier; born at Prague; lived at Berlin in the sixteenth century. He was in great favor with ......
- Lipschütz (Lüpschütz, Lipschitz, Libschitz) JE Name of a family of Polish and German rabbis; derived from "Liebeschitz," name of a town in Bohemia.Aryeh Löb Lipschütz: ......
- Eugene Lisbonne JE Lawyer, and a member of the French Senate; born at Nyons, near Avignon, Aug. 2, 1818; died at Montpellier Feb. ......
- Abraham ben Chayyim Lisker JE Russian rabbi of the seventeenth century; native of Brest-Litovsk. After studying in the yeshibot of Lublin and Cracow, Lisker was ......
- Lissa - Ours is a dab page - JE Town of Prussia. Originally a village, it was incorporated in 1534; and soon afterward the first Jews settled there, with ......
- Morris Lissack JE English author and communal worker; born at Schwerin-on-the-Wartha, grand duchy of Posen, in 1814; died in London Jan. 13, 1895. ......
- Abraham Lissauer JE German physician and anthropologist; born at Berent, West Prussia, Aug. 29, 1832; educated at the gymnasium of his native town ......
- Heinrich Lissauer JE German physician; born at Neidenburg Sept. 12, 1861; died at Hallstadt, Upper Austria, Sept. 21, 1891; son of Abraham Lissauer. ......
- Eleazer ben Solomon (Zalman) Lisser JE Polish scholar; lived at Kleczewo in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He was the author of a twofold commentary on ......
- Joshua Falk Lisser JE Prominent rabbi and Talmudist of the second half of the eighteenth century; a descendant of Joshua Falk Kohen of Lemberg ......
- Literaturblatt des Orients JE
- Modern Hebrew Literature JE Modern Hebrew literature (1743-1904), in distinction to that form of Neo-Hebraic literature known as rabbinical literature (see Literature, Hebrew), which ......
- Lithuanian Council JE Long before the Union of Lublin, probably with the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Jews of Poland and Lithuania ......
- Lucius Nathan Littauer JE American congressman and manufacturer; born in Gloversville, N. Y., Jan. 20, 1859. He graduated from Harvard University in 1878, after ......
- Litte of Regensburg JE
- Isaachar bär Litthauer JE Polish-German Talmudist; flourished at the beginning of the nineteenth century. He wrote: "Iggeret Yissakar," on morality and religion, in the form ......
- Liturgische Zeitschrift JE
- Litwack JE Dutch mathematician; born in Poland about 1760; died Jan. 15, 1836; buried at Ouerveen. A disciple of Moses Mendelssohn, he ......
- Liwa ben Bezaleel JE
- Elijah ben Moses Ashkenazi Loans JE German rabbi and cabalist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1555; died at Worms July, 1636. He belonged to the Rashi family, and ......
- Jacob ben Jehiel Loans JE Physician in ordinary to the German emperor Frederick III. (1440-93), and Hebrew teacher of Johann Reuchlin; died at Linz about ......
- Joseph Loanz JE
- Löb Aryeh ben Eliah of Bolochow JE Russian rabbi; born at Satanov, government of Podolia, 1801; died at Zaslavl, government of Volhynia, Sept. 2, 1881; a descendant ......
- Löb Aryeh Ha-Kohen of Styria JE Rabbi at Rozniatow and afterward at Styria; died in 1813. He was the author of the following works: "Ḳeẓot ha-Ḥoshen," ......
- Löb Aryeh ben Meïr JE Lithuanian rabbi; lived in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. His notes on Rashi and on Elijah Mizraḥi's commentaries on the ......
- Löb Aryeh ben Tobiah JE Lithuanian Talmudic scholar and printer; died at Wilna Oct. 24, 1812. He enjoyed great consideration in Wilna on account of ......
- Löb ben Baruch Bendet JE Rabbi of Byelostok, Russia, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; author of "Sha'agat Aryeh" (Byelostok, 1805), novellæ on the treatise ......
- Löb b. Joseph (Reb Löb Sarah's) JE Early Ḥasidic rabbi; died in Yaltushkov, Podolia, about 1797. His was the strangest and most mysterious character of the many ......
- Löb Judah b. Ephraim JE Rabbi of the second half of the seventeenth century; probably born in Wilna, from which city his father, Ephraim b. ......
- Löb Judah b. Isaac JE Polish rabbi; died in Cracow about 1730; grandson of R. Joshua, author of "Maginne Shelomoh." He officiated as rabbi at ......
- Löb Judah ben Joshua JE Bohemian scholar; lived at Prague in the middle of the seventeenth century. He filled the office of secretary to Simon ......
- Löb Ha-Levi of Brody JE Galician rabbi of the beginning of the nineteenth century; held office first at Podhajce, then at Brody. Among his contemporaries ......
- Löb ben Meïr JE
[edit] Section 4
- Löb Mokiach of Polonnoye JE Polish preacher and leader of the Ḥasidic party in the second half of the eighteenth century. Löb was a pupil ......
- Löb ben Moses Ha-Kohen JE Polish rabbi of the eighteenth century; author of "Pene Aryeh" (Novidvor, 1787), novellæ on the Talmud, to which is added ......
- Löb of Polonnoye JE
- Löb ben Samuel Tzebi Hirsch JE Russian rabbi; born probably at Pinczow, government of Kielce, Poland, about 1630; died at Brest-Litovsk 1714. Löb was on his ......
- Löb of Shpola JE Early Ḥasidic rabbi; died at an advanced age Oct. 4, 1810. It is said that he was a poor "melammed" ......
- Löb (Aryeh) ben Zachariah JE Polish rabbi; born at Cracow about 1620; died there 1671. When a young man he was called as rabbi to ......
- Lobato JE Marano family, several of whose members lived at Amsterdam. The best-known members of the family are:Diego Gomez Lobato (called also ......
- Rehuel Lobatto JE Dutch mathematician; born at Amsterdam June 6, 1797; died at Delft Feb. 9, 1866. He sprang from a Portuguese Marano ......
- Arthur Löbel JE Austrian physician; born at Roman, Rumania, May 15, 1857; educated at the gymnasium of Czernowitz and the universities of Vienna ......
- Hirschel Löbel JE
- Löbele of Prossnitz JE
- Moses Jeshurun Lobo JE Spanish poet; lived at Amsterdam in the seventeenth century. He was one of the poets who celebrated the martyrdom of ......
- Isidore Loeb JE French scholar; born at Sulzmatt (Soultzmatt), Upper Alsace, Nov. 1, 1839; died at Paris, June 3, 1892. The son of ......
- Louis Loeb JE American artist; born at Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 7, 1866. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to a lithographer ......
- Morris Loeb JE American chemist; born at Cincinnati, Ohio, May 23, 1863; son of Solomon Loeb; educated at the New York College of ......
- Louis Loewe JE English Orientalist and theologian; born at Zülz, Prussian Silesia, 1809; died in London 1888. He was educated at the yeshibot ......
- Eduard Loewenthal JE German writer and editor; born March 12, 1836, at Ernsbach, Württemberg; educated at the high school at Stuttgart and at ......
- Emanuel Loewy JE Austrian archeologist; born at Vienna Sept. 1, 1857; educated at the gymnasium and university of his native city (Ph.D. 1882). ......
- The Logos JE
- David Lolli JE Italian physician; born at Göritz 1825; died at Triest 1884; son of Samuel Vita Lolli; studied medicine at Padua and ......
- Eude Lolli JE Italian rabbi; born at Göritz Aug. 23, 1826; educated at the lyceum of his native town and at the rabbinical ......
- Lomazy JE Town in the district of Bialy, near Brest-Litovsk, Russia. Though in 1566 there was no Jew among its 400 house-owners, ......
- Lombroso (Lumbroso) - Our article is redirect to Cesare Lombroso - JE Sephardic family, members of which lived in Tunis, Marseilles, and Italy. The two forms of the family name are doubtless ......
- London Committee of Deputies of British Jews JE A body formed to safeguard the interests of British Jews as a religious community. It can be traced to a ......
- Jacob ben Judah Chazzan London JE English scholar; born in London at the beginning of the eighteenth century. When quite young he went to Amsterdam, where ......
- Solomon b. Moses Raphael London JE Russian author and publisher; lived at Novogrudok, Lithuania, in the first half of the eighteenth century. He was the pupil ......
- Saadia ben Abraham Longo JE Turkish Hebrew poet; lived at Constantinople about the middle of the sixteenth century. A manuscript in the Bodleian Library (Neubauer, ......
- Abraham ben Raphael de Lonzano JE Austrian grammarian; lived at the beginning of the eighteenth century. He was baptized at Idstein and took the name of ......
- Menahem ben Judah ben Menahem de Lonzano JE Palestinian Masoretic and midrashic scholar, lexicographer, and poet; died after 1608 in Jerusalem. His nativity is unknown, but it has ......
- Looking-Glass JE
- Lopez JE A family of Sephardic Jews several of whom were distinguished for scholarly attainments.Eliahu Lopez: Dutch ḥakam of the seventeenth century. ......
- Manasseh Masseh Lopez JE English politician; born in Jamaica Jan. 22, 1755; died at Maristow House, Devonshire, 1831; descended from ancient Sephardic stock. Both ......
- Lopez-Laguna JE
- Lopez Rosa JE Portuguese Marano family of Lisbon, which owned a printing establishment there in 1647.Duarte Lopez Rosa: Physician; born at Beja. Duarte ......
[edit] Section 5
- Loria JE
- Achille Loria JE Italian political economist; born at Mantua March 2, 1857; educated at the lyceum of his native city and the universities ......
- Gino Loria JE Italian mathematician; born at Mantua May 19, 1862; educated at the Mantua lyceum and at the University of Turin, becoming ......
- Ibn Vives Lorki JE
- Lorraine JE
- Lost Property JE
- Lots JE Means of determining chances. Primitive peoples, and occasionally those on a higher plane of culture, resort to lots for the ......
- Lotteries JE
- Lousada (of Peak House) JE Name of a family that has held for many generations large possessions in Jamaica. A member of the family was ......
- Love-Feast JE
- Robert Loveman JE American poet; born at Cleveland, Ohio, April 11, 1864; educated and now (1904) residing at Dalton, Ga.; M.A., University of ......
- Ermanno Lövinson JE German historian; born in Berlin June 3, 1863; educated at Berlin University (Ph.D. 1888). Since 1889 he has lived in ......
- Israel Lovy JE French cantor and synagogal composer; born near Danzig Sept., 1773; died in Paris Jan. 7, 1832. He received a Talmudic ......
- Maurice A. Low JE Anglo-American writer; born in London July 14, 1860. Educated at King's College School in that city, and afterward in Austria, ......
- Asher ben Aryeh Löb Löw JE Chief rabbi of Carlsruhe; born at Minsk in 1754; died at Carlsruhe July 23, 1837. He studied under his father, ......
- Samuel Löw JE Talmudist; son of Naṭe (V08p193001.jpg = Nathan) ha-Levi; born at Kolin, Bohemia, about 1720; died May 20, 1806, at Boskowitz, ......
- August Löwe JE Russian mathematician and author of mathematical works. Of his books the best known are: "Obscheponyatnaya Teoriya Perspectivy," 1858; "Obscheponyatnaya Prakticheskaya ......
- Löwe ben Bezaleel JE
- Joel Löwe JE German commentator; born in 1760; died in Breslau Feb. 11, 1802. He signed his name in Hebrew writings as Joel ......
- Konrad Löwe JE Austrian actor; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, Feb. 6, 1856. He took a law course at the University of Vienna, and ......
- Ludwig Löwe JE German physician; born at Berlin March 11, 1844. After graduating from the gymnasium, he attended the universities of Jena, Würzburg, ......
- Moses Samuel Löwe (Johann Michael Siegfried Löwe) JE German painter and engraver; born at Königsberg, Prussia, June 24, 1756; died there May 10, 1831. Aided by the friendship ......
- Julius Löwenberg JE German geographer; born at Strzelno, Prussia, 1800; died at Berlin Dec. 12, 1893. He was educated in Berlin, where he ......
- Leopold Löwenfeld JE German physician; born in Munich Jan. 23, 1847; educated at the gymnasium and university in his native city (M.D. 1870). ......
- Max Löwengard JE German rabbi; born in Württemberg; died at Basel May 25, 1876. He was a friend of Berthold Auerbach and a ......
- Levi Saul Löwenstamm JE
- Saul Löwenstamm JE Rabbi and Talmudist; born at Rzeszow 1717; died at Amsterdam June 19, 1790. He is known as the author of ......
- Baruch Solomon Löwenstein JE Russian mathematician; born at Wolodarka, Russia, in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. He wrote: "Bikkure ha-Limmudiyyot," explanations of ......
- Bernhard Löwenstein JE Austrian rabbi; born at Meseritz, province of Posen, Feb. 1, 1821; died at Lemberg March 15, 1889. Upon the recommendation ......
- L. H. Löwenstein JE Hebrew scholar; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main about 1850. He was reviser in the publishing-house of Isaac Lehrberger at Rödelheim, which office ......
- Leopold Löwenstein JE German rabbi; born in Gailingen, Baden, Dec. 1, 1843. He attended the gymnasium at Bischofsheim-on-the-Tauber, receiving at the same time ......
- Rudolf Löwenstein JE German author; born at Breslau Feb. 20, 1819; died at Berlin Jan. 6, 1891. When only nine years of age ......
- Nathan Löwenthal JE Russian histologist; born in 1856; educated at the Academy for Physicians and Surgeons at St. Petersburg and at the universities ......
- Naumann Löwenthal JE German teacher and writer; born Feb. 25, 1819, at Schmiegel; died at Posen Feb. 28, 1855. He attended the gymnasium ......
- Isaac Löwi JE German rabbi; born at Adelsdorf, near Erlangen, Bavaria, Jan. 31, 1803; died at Fürth Dec. 26, 1873. He received his ......
- Jacob Mordecai ben Judah Löb Löwinsohn JE Russo-Polish scholar and journalist; born in Grodno 1832; died in Warsaw Feb. 13, 1878. A son of the rabbi of ......
- Adolf Löwy JE German physiologist; born in Berlin June 29, 1862; educated at the gymnasium and university of his native city (M.D. 1885), ......
- Albert Löwy JE English rabbi and communal worker; born at Aussee, Moravia, Dec., 1816. He studied first at Olmütz, and then moved to ......
- Jacob Ezekiel Löwy JE German rabbi and author; born at Hotzenplotz, Austrian Silesia, Aug. 24, 1814; died at Beuthen Nov. 20, 1864. After attending ......
- Luach JE
[edit] Section 6
- Heschel Abramovich Lubarsky JE Russian writer; born at Balta Sept., 1878. He was educated in a family of Ḥasidim, in the Odessa Commercial School, ......
- Philipp Lubelski JE Polish physician; born at Zamosc 1788; died at Warsaw Feb. 3, 1879. He began his career as an army surgeon ......
- Meïr ben Gedaliah Lubln (MaHaRaM) JE Polish rabbi; born at Lublin (?) 1558; died there May 3, 1616. He was descended from a family of rabbis, ......
- Hugo Lubliner JE German dramatist; born at Breslau April 22, 1846. He studied at the industrial school in Berlin, and became manager of ......
- Oziasz Louis (Ludwik) Lubliner JE Polish writer; born 1809; died at Warsaw 1868. After the Polish revolution of 1831 he settled in Brussels, where he ......
- Solomon Lublinsky JE German journalist and writer; born at Johannisberg, Prussia, Feb. 18,1868. He was occupied for a time as a clerk in ......
- Luboml JE Town in the government of Volhynia, Russia. Jews lived there as early as the sixteenth century, though the attitude of ......
- Louis Arthur Lucas JE African explorer; born in London Sept. 22, 1851; died at sea Nov. 20, 1876. After traveling in the United States ......
- Lucuas JE Toward the end of the reign of the emperor Trajan, in 116, the Jews of Cyrene rebelled, their leader being ......
- Luke JE
- Lulab JE Name given to the festive palm-branch which with the Etrog is carried and waved on the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot). ......
- Luliani ben Tabrin JE Palestinian scholar of the beginning of the fourth century. The name, which is the equivalent of "Julianus ben Tiberianus," has ......
- Lumbroso JE
- Jacob Lumbrozo JE Physician, planter, and trader resident in the palatinate of Maryland, America, in the middle of the seventeenth century; born at ......
- Abraham Moses Luncz JE Russian scholar and editor; born Dec. 9, 1854, at Kovno, Russia; went when very young to Jerusalem, where he still ......
- Luntz JE Name of a family descended from the Loans, or Loanz, family of Worms. According to a family tradition, Elijah, the ......
- Isaac Luperio (Lupercio) JE A Jew, perhaps a Marano, of Spanish descent; lived at Smyrna. His apology, written in Spanish and directed against a ......
- Lüpschütz JE
- Luria - We have dab page which lists 4 different ones - JE A family with wide ramifications and several of whose members were distinguished for mystical tendencies and rabbinical knowledge.Abraham b. Nissan ......
- Amatus Lusitanus JE
- Lutzyn JE Russian town in the government of Vitebsk; it is situated near a chain of mountains and surrounded by lakes and ......
- Simchah Isaac ben Moses Luzki JE Karaite writer and bibliographer; born at Lutsk at the end of the seventeenth century; died, according to Firkovich, at Chufut-Kale, ......
- Aaron Moses ben Tzebi Hirsch Lwow JE Grammarian, scribe, and dayyan of Lemberg in the eighteenth century. He wrote: "Shirah Ḥadashah" (Zolkiev, 1764), a Hebrew grammar in ......
- Abraham de Lyon JE One of the first Jewish settlers in Georgia, U. S. A.; ancestor of the well-known family of that name which ......
- George Lewis Lyon JE English journalist and communal worker; born at Portsea, England, Dec. 11, 1828; died in London Feb. 14, 1904. After acting ......
- Hart Lyon JE
- Myer Leon (Myer Leoni) JE Operatic singer and ḥazzan; died at Kingston, Jamaica, about 1800; uncle of John Braham; both he and his nephew were ......
- Robert Lyon - We have three different Roberts Lyon - JE American journalist; born in London, England, Jan. 15, 1810; died in New York city March 10, 1858. After a brief ...... #Israel Lyons JE Hebrew teacher and author; born in Poland; died 1770. He emigrated to England and settled in Cambridge. Here he practised ......
- Israel Lyons JE English astronomer, botanist, and mathematician; born at Cambridge 1739; died in London 1775; son of Israel Lyons. In his earliest ......
- Jacques Judah Lyons JE American minister; son of Judah and Mary Lyons; born in Surinam, Dutch Guiana, Aug. 25, 1814; died in New York ......
- Nicolas de Lyra JE French exegete; born at Lyre, near Evreux, Normandy, about 1270; died at Paris Oct. 23, 1340. The only certain dates ......
- Lysias - We have different Lysias - JE Syrian statesman of royal descent; died 162 B.C. (I Macc. iii. 32; Josephus, "Ant." xii. 7, § 2). When Antiochus ......
- Lysimachus JE Anti-Jewish Alexandrian writer; lived before Apion. Like the Stoic Chæremon, he went beyond even Manetho in his inimical account of ......