Jewish ethnonym
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article lists the ethnonyms of the Jewish people in various linguistic contexts. See the article Jew and the Footnotes for etymological and other information. This article does not cover ethnic slurs.
| Afrikaans | Jood |
|---|---|
| Albanian | Hebré, |
| Amharic | አይሁድ Ayhud (s. and pl.) |
| Arabic | يهودي Yahudi (sl.),يهود Yahud (pl.) بني إسرائيل Bani Israel عبري Ebri |
| Armenian | Հրեա, Hre'a |
| Azeri | Cuhud, yəhudi |
| Bulgarian | Евреин, Evrein |
| Catalan | Jueu (masc. sig.), jueus (masc. pl.), jueva (fem. sing.), jueves (fem. pl.) |
| Chinese | 猶太人, Chinese, Traditional |
| 犹太人, Chinese, Simplified, pinyin: Yóutài Rén | |
| Croatian | Židov |
| Czech | Žid |
| Dutch | Jood |
| Ancient Egyptian | Possibly Habiru2; Ishrail (Israel, cf. Israel Stela) |
| English | Jews1 |
| Hebrews2 | |
| Israelites or Children of Israel3 | |
| Esperanto | Judoj |
| Estonian | Juut |
| Finnish | Juutalainen |
| French | Juif (masc.), Juive (fem.) |
| Galego | Xudeo (masc.), Xudía (fem.) |
| Georgian | ებრელი, Ebreli |
| German | Jude (masc.), Jüdin (fem.), Juden (pl.) |
| Ancient Greek | Ἰουδαῖος, Ioudaios1 |
| Ἑβραῖος, Hebraios (from Evrei)2 | |
| Hebrew | יהודים, Yehudim1 |
| עבריים, Ivriyim2 | |
| בני ישׂראל, Bnei Yisrael3 | |
| Hungarian | Zsidó |
| Icelandic | gyðingur (singular) |
| Indonesian/Malay | Yahudi |
| Italian | Ebreo (masc. sing.), ebrei (masc. pl.), ebrea (fem. sing.), ebree (fem. pl.) |
| Japanese | ユダヤ人, Yudaya-jin |
| Korean | 유태인, Yutae-in |
| Ladino | djudio, Judio (singular) |
| los ebreos (the Jews) | |
| Latin | Iudeus1 |
| Latvian | Ebrejs |
| Norwegian | Jøde |
| Persian | يهودﯽ, Yahūdī |
| Polish | Żyd |
| Portuguese | Judeu (masc. sing), judeus (masc. pl.), judia (fem. sing.), judias (fem. pl.). Also hebreus and israelitas (both masc. pl.) |
| Romanian | Evreu |
| Russian | Еврей, Yevrey (sl.), Евреи, Yevrei2 (pl.): Typically denotes the ethnicity (национальность - natsional'nost') |
| Иудей, Iudey (sl.), Иудеи, Iudei1 (pl.): Typically denotes the followers of Judaism. | |
| Serbian | Јевреј Jevrej |
| Slovak | Žid |
| Spanish | Judío |
| Swahili | Yahudi |
| Swedish | Jude |
| Thai | คนยิว |
| Tibetan | Yahutapa |
| Vietnamese | người Do Thái |
| Turkish | Yahudi, Çıfıt (religious) something related to, or a follower of Judaism, latter usually considered pejorative. |
| Musevi, (religious) a follower of Moses, also a euphemism for Yahudi. | |
| İbrani, (ethnic) a Hebrew. | |
| Yiddish | ייד, Yid (sl.), יידן, Yidn (pl.)1 |
[edit] No longer in use
- In the period preceding and during the British Mandate of Palestine, Jews who lived there were called (and also called themselves) Palestinian Jews or simply Palestinians, but after the emergence of Arab Palestinian nationalism and the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the term "Palestinians" came to be used almost exlusively for Palestinian Arabs. (See Definitions of Palestine:Palestinian and Zionism)
[edit] Yid
Yid (pronounced "yeed", not "yid"; plural Yidden) is the Yiddish ethnonym. In Ashkenazi circles, the word is frequently used to mean simply "fellow," "chap," "buddy," "mate," etc., with no expressed emphasis on Jewishness (although this may be implied by the intra-Jewish context). When pronounced phonetically it can generally be perceived as a pejorative.
In Yiddish, a polite way to address a fellow Jew whose name one does not know is Reb Yid, meaning "Sir." The Yiddish words yidish or yiddisher (from Middle High German jüdisch) is an adjective derived from the noun Yid, and thus means "Jewish." Yid has its origins in the Middle High German word Jüde (the contemporary German word is Jude).
