Jarlabanke Runestones

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The Jarlabanke Runestones (Swedish: Jarlabankestenarna) is the name of a series of 11th century runestones ordered by what appears to have been an Uppland chieftain named Jarlabanke Ingefastsson and his clan (Swedish: Jarlabankeätten), in Täby, Sweden.^[1] Jarlabanke was probably a chieftain responsible for the local leidang organization and on several runestones he stated that he was a Christian and not a Pagan.^[1]

Five of the runestones contain very much the same message: "Jarlabanke had these stones made after himself while he was alive. He made this bridge for his soul. He alone owned all of Täby".^[2] One stone at the church of Vallentuna also shows the following text on its second side: "Jarlabanke had this stone made after himself while he was alive. He made this assembly location and he alone owned this hundred".^[2] The so-called Jarlabanke's bridge is a road in Täby which was originally bordered by four runestones and many raised stones.^[2] One of the runestones was moved during his lifetime to the location of the local assembly of the Vallentuna Hundred, where it received a new text and it was replaced with a new fifth one at Jarlabanke's bridge and which had a different design.^[2]

Three other runestones present Jarlabanke as the builder of roads and bridges, and ten or so mention his family members making it possible to follow his family during four generations.^[2] His pride at building roads and bridges shows that this was something that gave prestige in 11th century Sweden.^[1]

The inscriptions have led to a controversy on the meaning of the Old Norse verb eiga ("to own"), and to a debate on the origins on the hundred division.^[2] It is debated whether he really owned the hundred or if he was appointed as its chieftain (hersir) by the King of Sweden, and a final conclusion is probably impossible to arrive at.^[1]

Contents 1 The runestones 1.1 U 127 1.1.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.1.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.1.3 Translation in English 1.2 U 140 1.2.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.2.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.2.3 Translation in English 1.3 U 142 1.3.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.3.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.3.3 Translation in English 1.4 U 148 1.4.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.4.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.4.3 Translation in English 1.5 U 149 1.5.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.5.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.5.3 Translation in English 1.6 U 150 1.6.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.6.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.6.3 Translation in English 1.7 U 164 1.7.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.7.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.7.3 Translation in English 1.8 U 165 1.8.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.8.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.8.3 Translation in English 1.9 U 212 1.9.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.9.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.9.3 Translation in English 1.10 U 216 1.10.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.10.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.10.3 Translation in English 1.11 U 217 1.11.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.11.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.11.3 Translation in English 1.12 U 261 1.12.1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 1.12.2 Transcription into Old Norse 1.12.3 Translation in English 2 Notes and references 3 Sources and external links

[edit] The runestones

The runestones U 101, U 143 and U 147 are treated in the article Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147, the runestones U 135, U 136 and U 137 are treated in the article Broby bro Runestones, and those called U 309 and U 310 are treated in the article Harg Runestones. These runestones are raised in connection with Estrid, the female progenitor of the Jarlabanke clan.

[edit] U 127

This runestone is located in Danderyd.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

× iarla×baki × lit raisa [×] staina × þasa at sik × kuikuan × auk bru þisa karþi × fur ont sina × auk × ain ati tabu ala-

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Iarlabanki let ræisa stæina þessa at sik kvikvan, ok bro þessa gærði fyr and sina, ok æinn atti Tæby alla[n].

[edit] Translation in English

Jarlabanki had these stones raised in memory of himself while alive, and made this bridge for his spirit, and (he) alone owned all of Tábýr.

[edit] U 140

This runestone is located in Broby.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

× ...la×b(a)... ... han : entaþis * i kirikium

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

[Iar]laba[nki] ... Hann ændaðis i Grikkium.

[edit] Translation in English

Jarlabanki ... He met his end in Greece.

[edit] U 142

This runestone is located in Fällbro.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

ikifastr ' lit ' raisa ' stain * uk ' bro ' kera ' eftiR ' iarlabaka ' faþur ' s[in ' uk ' sun ' io]runa ' uk ' ketilau lit ' at ' bonta ' sin ybir risti

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Ingifastr let ræisa stæin ok bro gæra æftiR Iarlabanka, faður sinn ok sun IorunaR, ok Kætiløy let at bonda sinn. ØpiR risti.

[edit] Translation in English

Ingifastr had the stone raised and the bridge made in memory of Jarlabanki, his father, Jórunnr's son. And Ketiley had (it raised/made) in memory of her husbandman. Œpir carved.

[edit] U 148

This runestone is located in Hagby.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

× inkifastr × lit × rista × runaR þisaR × aftiR × rahnfriþi × kuinu × sina × auk × -[m-](n)kr × aftiR × muþur × sina

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Ingifastr let rista runaR þessaR æftiR Ragnfriði, kvinnu sina, ok [Hæ]m[i]ngR æftiR moður sina.

[edit] Translation in English

Ingifastr had these runes carved in memory of Ragnfríðr, his wife; and Hemingr in memory of his mother.

[edit] U 149

This runestone was located in Hagby. It has, however, disappeared it but survives in form of a drawing made by R. Dybeck in 1840.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

[iarlabaki × lit × -... ...tain × at * sialfan * sik * auk * braut ruþia]

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Iarlabanki let ... [s]tæin at sialfan sik ok braut ryðia.

[edit] Translation in English

Jarlabanki had ... the stone in memory of himself and cleared a path.

[edit] U 150

This runestone is located in Karby.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

• iarla*b]aki * auk * fastui * litu * raisa * stina * aftiR [* suain * sun * sin

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Iarlabanki ok Fastvi letu ræisa stæina æftiR Svæin, sun sinn.

[edit] Translation in English

Jarlabanki and Fastvé had the stones raised in memory of Sveinn, their son.

[edit] U 164

This runestone is located in Täby.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

× iarlabaki × lit × raisa × stain × þisa × at sik × kuikuan ×× auk bru × þisa × karþi × fur ont × sina × auk ain ati × alan × tabu × kuþ hialbi ont hans

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Iarlabanki let ræisa stæina þessa at sik kvikvan, ok bro þessa gærði fyr and sina, ok æinn atti allan Tæby. Guð hialpi and hans.

[edit] Translation in English

Jarlabanki had these stones raised in memory of himself while alive, and made this bridge for his spirit, and (he) alone owned all of Tábýr. May God help his spirit.

[edit] U 165

This runestone is located in Täby.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

ia[r]labaki × li- ---sa × staina × þisa × at sik × kuikuan × auk bru þis(a) [× karþi fur ont ×] si-- --- × ati + (a)lan × tabu +

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Iarlabanki le[t ræi]sa stæina þessa at sik kvikvan, ok bro þessa gærði fyr and si[na ...] atti allan Tæby.

[edit] Translation in English

Jarlabanki had these stones raised in memory of himself while alive, and made this bridge for his spirit ... owned all of Tábýr.

[edit] U 212

This runestone is located in Vallentuna.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

• A × iarlibaki × lit × raisa × stan + þina × a... ... ...kuan + han × ati ain × tabu × alan × -... ... ont hans +
• B × iarlabaki × lit raisa × stain × þin- at sik kuikuan × auk × þinkstaþ × þina × karþi + auk × ain ati + alt hu-(t)ari × þita +

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

• A Iarlabanki let ræisa stæin þenna a[t sik kvi]kvan. Hann atti æinn Tæby allan. [Guð hialpi] and hans.
• B Iarlabanki let ræisa stæin þenn[a] at sik kvikvan, ok þingstað þenna gærði, ok æinn atti allt hu[n]dari þetta.

[edit] Translation in English

• A Jarlabanki had this stone raised in memory of himself while alive. He alone owned all of Tábýr. May God help his spirit.
• B Jarlabanki had this stone raised in memory of himself while alive, and made this Assembly-place, and alone owned all of this Hundred.

[edit] U 216

This runestone is located in Vallentuna.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

iuan ÷ lit ÷ raisa ' staina + ef... ' ay(s)-(a)in + faþur ' sin ÷ drosboi ÷ risti

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Ioan let ræisa stæina æf[tiR] Øys[t]æin, faður sinn. Drosboi risti.

[edit] Translation in English

Jóhan had the stones raised in memory of Eysteinn, his father. Drósbúi carved.

[edit] U 217

This runestone is located in Vallentuna.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

ikifastr lit bro kiarua iftR * s...

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Ingifastr let bro gærva æftiR ...

[edit] Translation in English

Ingifastr had the bridge made in memory of ...

[edit] U 261

This runestone is located in Fresta.

[edit] Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

iarlaba... lit × raisa × s[taina × þasa × a]t sik × kuikuan × ¶ auk × bru × þisa × karþi × fur ont [×] s[in]a × auk × ain ati alan tabu

[edit] Transcription into Old Norse

Iarlaba[nki] let ræisa stæina þessa at sik kvikvan, ok bro þessa gærði fyr and sina, ok æinn atti allan Tæby.

[edit] Translation in English

Jarlabanki had these stones raised in memory of himself while alive and made this bridge for his spirit, and (he) alone owned all of Tábýr.

[edit] Notes and references

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Hadenius, Nilsson & Åselius 53.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f} The article Jarlabankestenarna in Nationalencyklopedin.

[edit] Sources and external links

• Hadenius, Stig; Nilsson, Torbjörn & Åselius, Gunnar. (1996). Sveriges historia. Centraltryckeriet, Borås. ISBN 91-34-51-857-6
• Nationalencyklopedin
• Rundata
• An Internet site on the Jarlabanke clan.
• A presentation at the Museum of Foteviken.
• A presentation at the National Historic Museum, in Sweden.