Japanese incense
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Japanese incense has a long history. Buddhism came to Japan from China in the year 538 CE. At the same time incense came to Japan from China. From that point incense began to become an important facet of Japanese culture. Initially, incense was only imported from China. Later Japan began to make its own incense. Many of the current incense companies have been in existence for more than 300 years.
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[edit] Ingredients
The following are the main ingredients in Japanese incense:
- Agarwood （沈香 Jinkō）(also called Aloeswood)
- Sandalwood （白檀 Byakudan）
- Borneo Camphor （竜脳 Ryūnō）
- Benzoin （安息香 Ansokukō）
- Frankincense （乳香 Nyūkō）
- Clove （丁字 Chōji）
- Star Anise （トウシキミ Tōshikimi）
- Rhubarb （大黄 Daiō）
- Cinnamon （桂皮 Keihi）
- Licorice （甘草 Kanzō）
- Patchouli （かっ香 Kakkō）
Many other ingredients are also used in Japanese incense. They are chosen either for their scent or properties in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Most ingredients for Japanese incense come from India and South-East Asia.
Agarwood and Sandalwood are the two most important ingredients. Agarwood is known as "Jinkō" in Japan, which translates as "incense that sinks in water," due to the weight of the resin in the wood. Agarwood is currently on the list of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Sandalwood is one of the most calming incense ingredients and lends itself well to meditation. The most valued Sandalwood comes from Mysore in the state of Karnataka in India.
Another important ingredient in Japanese incense is kyara （伽羅）. Kyara is one kind of agarwood (Japanese incense companies divide agarwood into 6 categories depending on the region obtained and properties of the agarwood). Kyara is currently worth more than its weight in gold.
Makkō （抹香・末香） is another ingredient used in Japanese incense. Makkō actually just translates as "incense powder". The incense powder that is normally being referred to is called tabu no ki （椨の木）. Makko is used to bind the ingredients together. It is remarkable for being able to bind ingredients while having little scent of its own.
[edit] Incense Makers
The following are the major incense companies in Japan (alphabetical order):
- Baieidō（梅栄堂）
- Daihatsu（大発）
- Gyokushodō（玉初堂）
- Kitōtenkundō（鬼頭天薫堂）
- Kōjū（香十）
- Kōkandō（孔官堂）
- Kunjudō（薫寿堂）
- Kunmeidō（薫明堂）
- Kyūkyodō（鳩居堂）
- Nippon Kōdō（日本香堂）
- Seijudō（誠寿堂）
- Seikadō（精華堂）
- Shōeidō（松栄堂）
- Tennendō（天年堂）
- Yamada-Matsu Kōboku-ten（山田松香木店）
Baieidō was established in 1657 in Sakai City and is the oldest company in Japan. Shōeidō was established in 1705 in Kyoto Japan. Both Baieido and Shoyeido are used extensively by Zen Buddhist temples, both in Japan and worldwide. Nippon Kōdō was established by incoporation in New York City in August 1965 and is the largest seller of Japanese incense worldwide. Most of their incense is "Everyday" quality (毎日 mainichi). They do make some "Traditional" incense as well. These three are the major exporters of Japanese incense.
Kyūkyodō, Kunmeidō, and Kōkandō also sell some incense overseas. It may be difficult to find the other brands outside of Japan. There are numerous other incense makers in Japan, of course. These are the either the major sellers or the oldest companies in Japan.
[edit] Incense Ceremony
Kōdō (香道 - Way of Fragrance) is the Japanese art of appreciating incense, and involves using incense within a structure of codified conduct. Though it is counted as one of the three classical arts of refinement, it is relatively unknown amongst modern Japanese people. Kōdō includes all aspects of the incense process - from the tools (香道具), which, much like tools of the tea ceremony, are valued as high art, to activities such the incense-comparing games kumikō (組香) and genjikō (源氏香).
