James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury

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James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury (17 April 1791 – 12 April 1868) was an English Conservative politician. He was known by the courtesy title Viscount Cranborne before 1823.

He entered the House of Commons in 1813 as a Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, and later sat for Hertford before succeeding to the marquessate in 1823. He served in two of Lord Derby's governments, first as Lord Privy Seal (1852) and later as Lord President of the Council (1858 – 1859). He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1842.

He was married twice, first to Francis Mary Gascoyne on 2 February 1821, with whom he had six children including:

• Blanche Mary Harriet ( - 1872) mother of Arthur Balfour
• Robert (1830 - 1903), who succeeded him as third marquess, and was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times between 1885 and 1902.

hid second marriage on 29 April 1847 was to Mary Catherine Sackville-West, daughter of the 5th Earl de la Warr and Lady Elizabeth Sackville, Baroness Buckhurst, with whom he had five children.

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Sir John Murray Thomas Wallace, John Broadhurst Henry Trail	Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis with John Murray Masterton Ure Christopher Idle 1813–1817	Succeeded by John Murray Masterton Ure Christopher Idle Adolphus Dalrymple
Preceded by Edward Cowper Nicolson Calvert	Member of Parliament for Hertford with Nicolson Calvert 1817–1823	Succeeded by Nicolson Calvert Thomas Byron
Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Minto	Lord Privy Seal 1852	Succeeded by The Duke of Argyll
Preceded by The Earl Granville	Lord President of the Council 1858–1859	Succeeded by The Earl Granville
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by James Cecil	Marquess of Salisbury 1823–1868	Succeeded by Robert Cecil