Ivan Goremykin
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Ivan Logginovitch Goremykin (Russian: Ива́н Логгинович Горемы́кин, Ivan Logginovič Goremykin) (November 8, 1839 - December 24, 1917) was a Russian lawyer and politician with extremely conservative political views.
After serving in the Ministry of Justice until 1891 he moved to the Ministry of the Interior, becoming Minister from 1895-1899. A self-described "man of the old school" who viewed the Tsar as the "anointed one, the rightful sovereign", Goremykin was a loyal supporter of Nicholas II as autocrat and accordingly pursued conservative policy. He was apparently well liked by both the Empress Alexandra and Rasputin, the former referring to him affectionately as "the Old Man".
While heading the Interior Ministry he submitted a proposal to the Tsar advocating administrative reform and the expansion of the zemstvo program and representation within the existing Zemstvos. Faced with opposition to the program, he left the position. He succeeded Sergei Witte as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) in May, 1906. His unwaivering opposition to the political reform demanded by the First Duma left him unable to work with that body and he resigned in July 1906. He was replaced by his Minister of Interior, the younger and more forceful Peter Stolypin.
Called back to service by the Tsar, he again served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) from 1914 to 1916. The hostility expressed toward him by members of both the State Duma and the Council of Ministers greatly impaired the effectiveness of his government. When Nicholas II decided to take direct command of the army, Goremykin urged the Council to endorse the decision. When they refused, he told the Tsar that he (Goremykin) was "not fitted for my position" and asked to be replaced with "a man of more modern views". His wish for retirement was granted at the beginning of February 1916, when he was replaced by another conservative, Boris Stürmer.
In the aftermath of the October Revolution, Goremykin was recognized as a member of the Tsarist government and was killed by a street mob.
Goremykin's conservatism and inability to function in a semi-parliamentary system made him largely unsuitable for the position of head of government during the last years of Imperial Russia. Despised by parliamentarians and revolutionaries, and personally desiring only to retire, the ineffectiveness of his last government contributed to the instability and ultimate downfall of the Romanov dynasty.
[edit] Quotations
- "The Emperor can't see that the candles have already been lit around my coffin and that the only thing required to complete the ceremony is myself." (Commenting on his advanced age and unsuitability for office.)
- "To me, His Majesty is the anointed one, the rightful sovereign. He personifies the whole of Russia. He is forty-seven and it is not just since yesterday that he has been reigning and deciding the fate of the Russian people. When the decision of such a man is made and his course of action is determined, his faithful subjects must accept it whatever may be the consequences. And then let God's will be fulfilled. These views I have held all my life and with them I shall die."
[edit] References
- Massie, Robert K. Nicholas and Alexandra. New York: Ballantine, 1967, 2000. ISBN 0-345-43831-0 (pp 216, 220, 319, 347, 349-350, 526)
| Preceded by Ivan Durnovo |
Minister of Interior 1895—1899 |
Succeeded by Dmitry Sergeyevich Sipyagin |
| Preceded by Sergei Witte |
Prime Minister of Russia November 6, 1905—May 5, 1906 |
Succeeded by Pyotr Stolypin |
| Preceded by Vladimir Kokovtsov |
Prime Minister of Russia February 12, 1914—February 2, 1916 |
Succeeded by Boris Stürmer |
| Prime Ministers of Russia, 1905-1917 |
|---|
| Russian Empire: Sergei Witte • Ivan Goremykin • Pyotr Stolypin • Vladimir Kokovtsov • Ivan Goremykin • Boris Stürmer • Alexander Trepov • Nikolai Golitsyn
Russian Provisional Government: Georgy L'vov • Alexander Kerensky |
