Italian general election, 1994
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An early national general election was held in Italy on March 27, 1994 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right won handly the election for the Chamber and only narrowly lost that for the Senate.
The Berlusconi I Cabinet obtained a vote of confidence also in the Senate thanks to the defection of four Senators of the Italian People's Party (Vittorio Cecchi Gori, Stefano Cusumano, Luigi Grillo and Tomaso Zanoletti), who decided not to partecipate to the vote, the support of three Senators for life (Gianni Agnelli, Francesco Cossiga and Giovanni Leone) and the absence of other three Senators for life (Carlo Bo, Norberto Bobbio and Amintore Fanfani). Only five Senators for life voted against the government (Giulio Andreotti, Francesco De Martino, Giovanni Spadolini and Paolo Emilio Taviani and Leo Valiani. The Senate finally gave to Berlusconi 159 votes in favour and 153 against.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Electoral System
The intricate electoral system of Italy, nicknamed as Mattarellum (after Sergio Mattarella, who was the official proponent), provided a 75% of the seats on the Chamber of Deputies (the Lower House) as elected by uninominal system, whereas the remaining 25% was assigned on a proportional way with a minimum threshold of 4%. If possible, the method associate on the Senate is even more complicated: 75% of seats by uninominal method, and 25% by a special proportional method that actually assigns the remaining seats to minority parties.
[edit] Results
[edit] Chamber of Deputies
| Coalition | Results | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uninominal | Proportional | Total | ||||||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Coalition Party | Seats | Seats | |||||
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |||||||
| Pole of Freedoms, Pole of Good Government and others of centre-right[2] |
18,200,270 | 47.3% | 302 | Forza Italia-CCD | 8,138,781 | 21.0% | 30 | 64 | 366 | |
| National Alliance | 5,214,133 | 13.5% | 23 | |||||||
| Northern League | 3,235,248 | 8.4% | 11 | |||||||
| Pannella List | 1,359,283 | 3.5% | - | |||||||
| Alliance of Progressives and others of left-wing[3] |
12,722,157 | 33.0% | 164 | Democratic Party of the Left | 7,881,646 | 20.4% | 38 | 49 | 213 | |
| Communist Refoundation Party | 2,343,946 | 6.1% | 11 | |||||||
| Federation of the Greens | 1,047,268 | 2.7% | - | |||||||
| Italian Socialist Party | 849,429 | 2.2% | - | |||||||
| The Net | 719,841 | 1.9% | - | |||||||
| Democratic Alliance | 456,114 | 1.2% | - | |||||||
| Pact for Italy | 6,019,038 | 15.6 | 4 | Italian People's Party | 4,287,172 | 11.1% | 29 | 42 | 46 | |
| Patto Segni | 1,811,814 | 4.7% | 13 | |||||||
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party[4] | 219,819 | 0.6% | - | Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 179,495 | 0.5% | - | - | - | |
| South Tyrolean People's Party | 187,997 | 0.5% | 3 | South Tyrolean People's Party | 231,842 | 0.6% | - | - | 3 | |
| Sardinian Action Party | 82,258 | 0.2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party | 58,962 | 0.2% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Southern Action League | 53,131 | 0.1% | 1 | Southern Action League | 59,873 | 0.2% | - | - | 1 | |
| Vallée d'Aoste | 43,700 | 0.1% | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Other | 916,826 | 2.4% | - | Others | 903,804 | 2.3% | - | - | - | |
[edit] Senate of the Republic
| Coalition | Results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uninominal | Proportional | Total | ||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Seats | Seats | ||
| Pole of Freedoms[5] | 6,570,468 | 19.9% | 74 | 8 | 82 | |
| Pole of Good Government[6] | 4,544,573 | 13.7% | 54 | 10 | 64 | |
| National Alliance[7] | 2,077,934 | 6.3% | - | 8 | 8 | |
| Pannella List[8] | 767,765 | 2.3% | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Forza Italia-CCD[9] | 149,965 | 0.5% | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Total centre-right | 14,110,705 | 42.7% | 128 | 28 | 156 | |
| Alliance of Progressives | 10,881,320 | 32.9% | 96 | 26 | 122 | |
| Italian Socialist Party[10] | 103,490 | 0.3% | - | - | - | |
| Magris List[11] | 61,400 | 0.2% | 1 | - | 1 | |
| The Net[12] | 12,560 | 0.0% | - | - | - | |
| Total left-wing | 11,058,770 | 33.4% | 97 | 26 | 123 | |
| Pact for Italy | 5,519,090 | 16.7% | 3 | 28 | 31 | |
| Pensioners' Party | 250,637 | 0.8% | - | - | - | |
| Lombard Alpine League | 246,046 | 0.8% | 1 | - | 1 | |
| South Tyrolean People's Party | 217,137 | 0.7% | 3 | - | 3 | |
| Vallée d'Aoste | 27,493 | 0.1% | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Others | 1,644,671 | 5.0% | - | - | - | |
[edit] References
- ^ Il Sole 24 Ore - Nel 1994 decisivi per Berlusconi tre senatori a vita.
- ^ The Pole of Freedoms was present in Northern Italy and Tuscany (8,735,506 votes), the Pole of Good Government in Marche, Umbria, Lazio, Southern Italy and Insular Italy (6,412,044), National Alliance presented autonomous lists in Northern Italy, Tuscany, Marche, Abruzzo and part of Campania (2,566,848), the Christian Democratic Centre presented autonomous lists in Molise (10,772) Pannella List presented autonomous lists in Piedmont, Lombardy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, Apulia, part of Sicily and Sardinia (475,100).
- ^ The Alliance of Progressives was present throughout Italy (12,632,680 votes), but the Italian Socialist Party presented autonomous lists in Sicily (71,857) and The Net presented autonomous lists in Sardinia (17,620).
- ^ Some candidates of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party ran under the banner of Pact for Italy.
- ^ The Pole of Freedoms was present in Northern Italy and Tuscany.
- ^ The Pole of Good Government was present in Marche, Umbria, Lazio, Southern Italy and Insular Italy.
- ^ National Alliance fielded candidates in Northern Italy, Tuscany, Marche, Umbria and Abruzzo, while in the rest of the country it was part of the Pole of Good Government.
- ^ Pannella List was present in Piedmont, Lombardy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio and Apulia.
- ^ Forza Italia-CCD fielded candidates in Abruzzo, while in the rest of the country it was part of the Pole of Freedoms or of the Pole of Good Government.
- ^ The Italian Socialist Party fielded candidates in Sicily, while in the rest of the country it was part of the Alliance of Progressives.
- ^ The Magris List was present only in the district of Trieste.
- ^ The Net fielded candidates in Sardinia, while in the rest of the country it was part of the Alliance of Progressives.
[edit] External links
- (Italian) Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 1994 Election Results, Chamber of Deputies - uninominal (compressed ZIP file)
- (Italian) Ministry of Internal Affairs of Italy: 1994 Election Results, Chamber of Deputies - proportional
- (Italian) Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 1994 Election Results, Senate of the Republic
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