Islam during the Qing Dynasty
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The rise of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) made relations between the Muslims and Chinese more difficult. Muslims suffered a decline in status, and numerous Hui rebellions, such as the Panthay Rebellion,Muslim Rebellion,sprung up during the Qing Dynasty in reaction to repressionist policies. The dynasty prohibited ritual slaughtering of animals, followed by forbidding the construction of new mosques and the pilgrimage to Mecca.[1]
The Qing rulers were Manchu, not Han, and were themselves a minority in China. They employed the tactics of divide and conquer to keep the Muslims, Hans, Tibetans and Mongolians in conflict with each other. {{{author}}}, {{{title}}}, [[{{{publisher}}}]], [[{{{date}}}]].
However, even in the Qing dynasty, Muslims had many mosques in the large cities, with particularly important ones in Beijing, Xi'an, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, and other places (in addition to those in the western Muslim reigions). The architecture typically employed traditional Chinese styles, with Arabic-language inscriptions being the chief distinguishing feature. Many Muslims held government positions, including positions of importance, particularly in the army.
The ascension of the Manchus did not bode well for Muslims. Manchus who where a minority in Muslim dominated states, created anti Muslim sentiment that resulted in the five rebellions between the 19th century. The Manchus slaughtered Muslims and tore down many Mosques. {{{author}}}, {{{title}}}, [[{{{publisher}}}]], [[{{{date}}}]]. However during that period Muslims stood fast and established Turkestani sultanates. There where five uprisings during this period.
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[edit] Muslim Rebellions in China
- Jahangir Hodja's Rebellion 1820 - 1828
- Muhammad Yusuf Hodja's Rebellion 1830
- Rebellion of the Seven Hodjas 1847
- Panthay Rebellion 1856-1873
- Muslim Rebellion 1862-1873
[edit] Notes
- ^ Keim(1954), pg.605
[edit] References
- Keim, Jean (1954). Les Musulmans Chinois. France Asie.
