Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
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The Infante Don Juan of Spain, Count of Barcelona (Juan Carlos Teresa Silvestre Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg) (June 20, 1913 – April 1, 1993), was the fourth son and designated heir of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, the monarch replaced by the Second Spanish Republic, and father of King Juan Carlos, under whom a constitutional monarchy would be restored.
[edit] Early life and marriage
Juan was born at the Palace of San Ildefonso. His father was forced into exile when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed on April 14, 1931. Due to the renunciations of his brothers Alfonso of Spain, Prince of Asturias and Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia Infante Juan was thus next in line to the Spanish throne. He thus received the title Prince of Asturias when he was serving with the British Royal Navy in Bombay.
In March 1935 he passed his naval exams in gunnery and navigation, which would have entitled him to become a lieutenant in the Royal Navy if he gave up his Spanish nationality. This, however, he refused to do.
He met his future wife at a party hosted by the King of Italy on the day before his sister (Infanta Beatriz) was to be married. He married HRH Princess Maria Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1910-2000), known in Spain as Doña María de las Mercedes de Borbón Dos-Sicilias y Orleans, in Rome on October 12, 1935. On her marriage, she gained the title of Countess of Barcelona.
Just before the birth of the Infante Juan Carlos, the Count of Barcelona decided to go hunting, with the doctor telling him and his wife that the future king would not be born for weeks. When he was told of the birth he drove to the hospital so quickly that he broke an axle spring.
They had four children:
- HRH Infanta Doña Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (born 1936)
- HM Don Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (born 1938)
- HRH Infanta Doña Margarita, Duchess of Soria, 2nd Duchess of Hernani (born 1939)
- HRH Infante Don Alfonso of Spain (Alfonso Cristino Teresa Angelo Francisco de Asis y Todos los Santos) (1941–1956)
They lived in Cannes and Rome, and, with the outbreak of World War II, they moved to Lausanne to live with his mother, Queen Ena. Afterwards, they resided at Estoril, in Portugal.
[edit] Pretender to the throne
Don Juan became heir to the Spanish throne after the renounces of his two older brothers, Alfonso and Jaime, both in 1933. To assert his claim to the throne, he used the title of Count of Barcelona, a sovereign title associated with the Spanish crown.
In 1936, his father sent him to enter Spain and participate in the uprising but, near the French border, General Mola arrested him and sent him back.
When General Francisco Franco declared Spain to be a monarchy in 1947, he characterised it as a reinstitution. However, Franco was afraid that Don Juan would turn out to be too liberal and roll back the Falangist state. As a result, in 1969 Franco passed over Don Juan, who would have been king if the monarchy had continued uninterrupted, in favour of his son Juan Carlos, who Franco believed would be more likely to continue the Francoist state after his death. Juan Carlos surprised many by his support of democratising Spain. However, Franco and the Count of Barcelona did not have a good relationship, with the count constantly pressing Franco to restore the monarchy. Relations soured further when Don Juan called Franco an "illegitimate usurper", while Franco claimed he had a stronger claim to rule Spain than did Don Juan.
The Count of Barcelona formally renounced his claim to the throne in 1977, forty-six years after Spain had been declared a republic, eight years after being deposed by Franco, and two years after his son had become King Juan Carlos. In return, his son officially granted him the title of Count of Barcelona, which he had claimed for so long.
He is buried as Juan III (John III of Spain), with royal honours, in the Royal Crypt of the monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid. His wife survived him for seven years.
His mother was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria and he was therefore a third cousin to Edward VIII and George VI.
He was fond of the sea, and joined the Naval School at San Fernando, Cádiz, and had tattoos of a marine theme from his time in the British Royal Navy.
[edit] Ancestors
| Juan de Borbón | Father: Alfonso XIII of Spain |
Paternal Grandfather: Alfonso XII of Spain |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: Francis I of Spain |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Isabella II of Spain |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Maria Christina of Austria |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: Archduke Karl Ferdinand |
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| Paternal Great-Grandmother: Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria |
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| Mother: Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg |
Maternal Grandfather: Prince Henry of Battenberg |
Maternal Great-Grandfather: Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine |
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| Maternal Great-Grandmother: Countess Julia von Hauke |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
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| Maternal Great-Grandmother: Victoria of the United Kingdom |
| House of Bourbon Born: 20 June 1913 Died: 1 April 1993 |
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| Preceded by Alfonso XIII |
* NOT REIGNING * King of Spain (1941–1975) * Reason for Succession Failure: * Spanish State (1936–1975) |
Succeeded by Juan Carlos I |
