Infante Enrique of Castile

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Enrique (Henry), Infante of Castile, called El Senador (March 1230 – August 1304) was a younger son of St. Fernando III, King of Castile by his first wife, Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen.

After his father's death in 1252, Enrique and his brother Fadrique chafed under the rule of their elder brother, King Alfonso. He also schemed with his stepmother, Jeanne of Ponthieu, who was accused of being his mistress. Enrique started a rebellion in the southwest in October 1255; despite an initial victory over troops of the royal party, he was defeated near Morón, Spain and forced to flee the country. Enrique sought refuge with his stepmother Jeanne in Ponthieu; she may have suggested he visit his sister Eleanor, who was married to Edward, the son and heir of King Henry III of England.

Enrique arrived at the English court in August 1256. He lived comfortably there for three years entirely on King Henry's good graces until diplomatic relations with Castile eroded and Henry had to ask him to leave. Leaving for Africa in July 1259, Enrique became a mercenary in Tunis, where he would soon be joined by his brother Fadrique. He later made his way to Italy, where he joined his cousin Charles of Anjou's campaign in 1266 to become King of Sicily and lent him large sums of money. It was here that Enrique earned his title of El Senador when Charles had him made Senator of Rome. However, he was never repaid by Charles; and Enrique had aspired to the kingship of Sardinia or some other high title, and found the senatorship poor compensation. As a result, when his cousin Conradin invaded Italy in 1268, Enrique changed sides and joined him. He was one of Conradin's generals at the Battle of Tagliacozzo; after the loss of the battle, he fled to the Convent of San Salvatore, where he was captured by the Angevins. He would spend the next thirty years in captivity in Naples. In 1272, his half-sister Eleanor and her husband King Edward I of England came to Sicily on return from the Crusades. Eleanor's attempts to get him released from prison were unsuccessful, but she kept in touch with him until her own death.

Both Eleanor and Charles were dead before Enrique was finally released in 1298. He returned to Castile, where he was appointed Regent for his grandnephew, King Fernando IV. He married a lady of the Lara family, but had no known children before his death in 1304.

[edit] Sources

• Ballesteros Beretta, Antonio. Sevilla en el siglo XIII
• Parsons, John Carmi. Eleanor of Castile: Queen and Society in Thirteenth Century England
• Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43774-1.