Imhotep

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Imhotep (sometimes spelled Immutef, Im-hotep, or Ii-em-Hotep, Egyptian ii-m-ḥtp *jā-im-ḥatāp) (2667 BC - 2648 BC) is the first architect and physician known by name in written history. As one of the officials of the Pharaoh Djosèr he designed the Pyramid of Djzosèr (Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC, during the 3rd Dynasty. He may also have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture. The Egyptians also credited him with the discovery of many inventions. Imhotep was also a poet and philosopher. He urged contentment and preached cheerfulness. His proverbs contained a "philosophy of life." He coined the saying "Eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we shall die."^{[citation needed]} His name means "the one who comes in peace."

Imhotep is credited as being the founder of Egyptian medicine, and as author of the Edwin Smith papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations. The Papyrus was probably written around 1700 BC but may go back to texts written around 1000 years earlier.

Imhotep also served as chancellor to the pharaoh and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. He was said to be a son of Ptah, his mother being a mortal named Khredu-ankh. He was revered as a genius and showered with titles. The full list of titles is: Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, First after the King of Upper Egypt, Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary nobleman, High Priest of Heliopolis, Builder, Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor and Maker of Vases in Chief. Imhotep was the only mortal in all of civilization to be recognised on the foot-stone of a king's statue.

The location of Imhotep's tomb is still unknown. Many Egyptologists have tried to find it but so far haven't succeeded. The general consensus is that it is at Saqqara.

[edit] Legacy

Two thousand years after his death, his status was raised to that of a god. He became the god of medicine and healing. He was linked to Asclepius by the Greeks. The Encyclopedia Britannica says, "The evidence afforded by Egyptian and Greek texts support the view that Imhotep's reputation was very respected in early times... His prestige increased with the lapse of centuries and his temples in Greek times were the centers of medical teachings."

As the "son of Ptah", his mother was sometimes said to be Sekhmet, who was often said to be married to Ptah, since she was the patron of Upper Egypt. As he was considered the inventor of healing, he was also sometimes said to be the one who held up Nut (deification of the sky), as the separation of Nut and Geb (deification of the earth) was said to be what held back chaos. Due to the position this would have placed him in, he was also sometimes said to be Nut's son. In artwork he is also linked with Hathor, who was the wife of Ra, Maat, which was the concept of truth and justice, and Amenhotep son of Hapu, who was another deified architect.

It is Imhotep, says Sir William Osler, who was the real Father of Medicine. "The first figure of a physician to stand out clearly from the mists of antiquity."

[edit] Modern cultural impact

'Im-ho-tep' is the name of a fictional character played by Boris Karloff in the 1932 movie The Mummy, and of a similar character played by Arnold Vosloo in the 1999 movie The Mummy and its 2001 sequel The Mummy Returns, although the character has been renamed 'Imhotep'. The architect Imhotep most likely provided the name (but just the name) for the character.

'Imhotep' is also the name of the mortuary priest in Agatha Christie's novel Death Comes as the End.

'Imhotep' is also the name of wide receiver Imhotep Durham for the Virginia Cavaliers football team for the year of 2004.

'Imhotep' is also the name of radio DJ Gary "Imhotep" Byrd.

'Imhotep' is also the name of a well-known French rapper from the group IAM.

'Im-Ho-Tep (Pharaoh's Curse)' is a song by American heavy metal band Iced Earth, based loosely on the movie "The Mummy", starring Boris Karloff. The lyrics mentions the scroll of Thoth, which is only in the movie from 1932, revealing that the song is not based on the 1999 movie.

'Imhotep' is also the name of a character by Roy Thomas, featured in the comic book 'Conan' by Marvel. The character is a demon, who controls an army of flying undead warriors, known as the Sky Horde, through his amulet.

'Imhotep' was used as a continuing in-joke in the 2003 and 2005 BBC series Look Around You, portrayed as an Easter Island monolith which was frequently invisible.

The name 'Imhotep' was used by a minor Goa'uld in the Stargate SG-1 episode 'The Warrior'.

'Bubba Ho-tep' is the title of a short story by Joe R. Lansdale which was adapted as a 2002 horror-black comedy film starring Bruce Campbell as Elvis Presley, now a resident in a nursing home.

[edit] See also

• List of Egypt-related topics
  • History of ancient Egypt
    • Old Kingdom
    • Third dynasty of Egypt
  • Pharaoh
  • Pyramid of Djoser
  • Ptah
• Other lists
  • List of deities
  • List of architects
• Timeline of medicine and medical technology
• Column