IFNGR

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interferon gamma receptor 1
Identifiers
Symbol	IFNGR1 IFNGR
HUGO	5439
Entrez	3459
OMIM	107470
RefSeq	NM_000416
UniProt	P15260
Other data
Locus	Chr. 6 q23-q24

interferon gamma receptor 2 (interferon gamma transducer 1)
Identifiers
Symbol	IFNGR2 IFNGT1
HUGO	5440
Entrez	3460
OMIM	147569
RefSeq	NM_005534
UniProt	P38484
Other data
Locus	Chr. 21 q22.1

IFNGR is a receptor which binds interferon-γ, the sole member of interferon type II. The human interferon-gamma receptor complex consists the heterodimer of two chains: IFNGR1 and IFNGR2^[1][2]. In unstimulated cells, these subunits are not preassociated with each other but rather associate through their intracellular domains with inactive forms of specific Janus family kinases ( Jak1 and Jak2). Jak1 and Jak2 constitutively associate with IFNGR1 and IFNGR2, respectively. Binding of IFN-γ to IFNGR1 induces the rapid dimerization of IFNGR1 chains, thereby forming a site that is recognized by the extracellular domain of IFNGR2. The ligand-induced assembly of the complete receptor complex contains two IFNGR1 and two IFNGR2 subunits which bring into close juxtaposition the intracellular domains of these proteins together with the inactive Jak1 and Jak2 kinases that they associate with. In this complex, Jak1 and Jak2 transactivate one another and then phosphorylate IFNGR1, thereby forming a paired set of Stat1 docking sites on the ligated receptor. Two Stat1 molecules then associate with the paired docking sites, are brought into close proximity with receptor-associated activated JAK kinases, and are activated by phosphorylation of the Stat1. Tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat1 molecules dissociate from their receptor tether and form homodimeric complexes. Activated Stat1 translocates to the nucleus and, after binding to a specific sequence in the promoter region of immediate-early IFN-γ-inducible genes, effects gene transcription.

IFNGR1 deficiency is associated with the increased susceptibility to certain infectious diseases in patients ^[3][4].

[edit] References

1. ^ Bach EA, Aguet M, Schreiber RD. The IFN gamma receptor: a paradigm for cytokine receptor signaling. Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15:563-91.
2. ^ Pestka S, et al., The interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor: a paradigm for the multichain cytokine receptor. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1997 Sep;8(3):189-206.
3. ^ Jouanguy, E. et al., A human IFNGR1 small deletion hotspot associated with dominant susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. Nature Genet. 21: 370-378, 1999.
4. ^ Levin, M. et al., Familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection in childhood: a human mycobacterial susceptibility gene? Lancet 345: 79-83, 1995.