Hyoscyamine

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Hyoscyamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate
Identifiers
CAS number	101-31-5
ATC code	A03BA03
PubChem	3661
DrugBank	APRD00607
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₇H₂₃N O₃
Mol. mass	289.375 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	50% Protein binding
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	3-5 hrs.
Excretion	Urine
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	C
Legal status	Prescription only (US)
Routes	Oral, Injection

Hyoscyamine is a chemical compound, a tropane alkaloid it is the levo-isomer to atropine. It is a secondary metabolite of some plants.

Brand names for hyoscyamine include Symax, Anaspaz, Buwecon, Cystospaz, Levsin, Levbid, Donnamar, NuLev, and Neoquess.

1 Uses
- 1.1 Side effects
2 Pharmacology
3 Isolation
4 External links
5 References

[edit] Uses

Hyoscyamine is used to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders including spasms, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, colic and cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as well as for control of respiratory secretions in end of life care.

[edit] Side effects

Side effects include eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrythmia, flushing, faintness. An overdose will cause headache, nausea, vomiting and CNS symptoms including disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, inappropriate affect, short-term memory loss and coma.

[edit] Pharmacology

Hyoscyamine is an antimuscarinic, working by blocking the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands and the CNS; increases cardiac output, dries secretions, and antagonizes serotonin.

[edit] Isolation

Hyoscyamine can be extracted from plants of the Solanaceae family, notably Datura stramonium. Empirically it is C₁₇H₂₃NO₃. Its structural name is α-(hydroxymethyl)-, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, [3(S)-endo]-1αH,5αH-Tropan-3α-ol.