Hydrochlorothiazide
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H- 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine- 7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | C03 |
| PubChem | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C7H8ClN3O4S2 |
| Mol. mass | 297.742 |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Variably absorbed from GI tract |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | 5.6-14.8 hours |
| Excretion | Primarily excreted unchanged in urine |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
B (D if used to treat pregnancy-induced hypertension) |
| Legal status |
℞ Prescription only |
| Routes | Oral (capsules, tablets, oral solution) |
Hydrochlorothiazide (Apo-Hydro®, Aquazide H®, Dichlotride®, Hydrodiuril®, Microzide®, Oretic®), sometimes abbreviated HCT, HCTZ, or HZT is a popular diuretic drug that acts by inhibiting the kidney's ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and, by other mechanisms, is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance.
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[edit] Activity
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the thiazide class of diuretics, acting on the kidney to reduce sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. This reduces the osmotic pressure in the kidney, causing less water to be reabsorbed by the collecting ducts.
[edit] Indications
HCT is often used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, symptomatic edema and the prevention of kidney stones. It is effective for diabetes insipidus and is also sometimes used for hypercalciuria.
Hypokalemia, an occasional side-effect, can be usually prevented by potassium supplements or combining hydrochlorothiazide with a potassium-sparing diuretic.
[edit] Side effects
- Hypokalemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hyperuricemia and gout
- High blood sugar
- High cholesterol
- Headache
- Impotence
- Nausea/Vomiting
[edit] External links
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682571.html
| Antihypertensives (C02) and diuretics (C03) | |
|---|---|
| Antiadrenergic agents (including alpha) | Clonidine, Doxazosin, Guanethidine, Guanfacine, Lofexidine,Mecamylamine, Methyldopa, Moxonidine, Prazosin, Rescinnamine, Reserpine |
| Vasodilators | Diazoxide, Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside, Phentolamine |
| Other antihypertensives | Bosentan, Ketanserin |
| Low ceiling diuretics | Bendroflumethiazide, Chlorothiazide, Chlortalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide, Quinethazone, Mersalyl, Metolazone, Theobromine, Cicletanine |
| High ceiling diuretics | Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torasemide |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | Amiloride, Eplerenone, Spironolactone, Triamterene |
