Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford

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Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and 2nd Earl of Essex (1249 – December 31, 1298) was one of several noblemen of the same name to have held the earldom of Hereford, and a key figure in the Norman conquest of Wales.

He was the son of Humphrey de Bohun, by Eleanor de Braose, a daughter of William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny and Eve Marshall. His mother died in 1251; his father died in 1265 of wounds sustained at the Battle of Evesham. He succeeded his grandfather, Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, in 1275 as Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord High Constable.

Humphrey de Bohun took part in Roger Mortimer's war against the Welsh, and was present at the defeat at Cefnllys in November, 1262, by Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. Around 1264, he was made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

He also participated in the campaigns against the Gaules and Scots. He refused to pay tribute to Edward I of England and convened an army at Worcester on 24 Jun 1277. In the campaign he commanded the nobles of Marches and recovered the land of Brecon. He was later imprisoned but freed by a ransom of 10,000 marcs.

In 1294, Humphrey fought (again) against Edward at Gallois along with Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk and other barons. Ultimately, Humphrey regained the royal favor in Scotland on the side of Edward I, and won the victory at Falkirk on 22 July 1298. He died in Pleshley Castle, Essex on 31 December 1298 or 1 Jan 1299 and was buried with his wife at Walden Abbey in Essex, founded by Geoffrey de Mandeville.

[edit] Family

Humphrey de Bohun married Maud de Fiennes (d. bef. 1347) sometime between 1264 and July 17, 1275. Maud was born between 1236 and 1259, a daughter of Enguerrand II de Fiennes and Isabel de Conde. Their son, another Humphrey de Bohun, succeeded him as the Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord High Constable.

Preceded by Hamo de Crevequer	Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1264–?	Succeeded by The Earl of Lancaster
Preceded by The Earl of Hereford and Essex	Lord High Constable 1275–1297	Succeeded by The Earl of Hereford and Essex