Huguenot

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In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists.

Contents 1 Early history and beliefs 2 Etymology 2.1 Criticisms of Roman Catholic Church 2.2 Reform and growth 3 Wars of religion 3.1 Civil wars 3.2 The French Wars of Religion 3.3 St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 3.4 Edict of Nantes 3.5 Edict of Fontainebleau 4 Huguenot exodus from France 4.1 Early emigration 4.2 Settlement in South Africa 4.3 Settlement in North America 4.4 Asylum in Britain and Ireland 4.5 Asylum in Germany and Scandinavia 4.6 Effects 5 End of persecution and restoration of French Citizenship 6 Legacy 7 Political vocabulary 7.1 Other 8 Symbol 9 Famous people with Huguenot ancestry 10 Notes 11 External links

[edit] Early history and beliefs

The availability of the Bible in local language was important to the spread of the Protestant movement, and the development of the Reformed church in France; and the country had a long history of struggles with the papacy, by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. The first known French language translation of the Bible had been prepared by the 12th century religious radical, Peter de Vaux (Peter Waldo).^{[citation needed]} It is not known whether his followers had preserved this earliest known French translation. Long after the sect was suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church, the remaining Waldensians sought to join William Farel and the Protestant Reformation, but those who emerged from secrecy were eradicated by Francis I in 1545.^{[citation needed]} Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume folio version of this translation appeared in Paris, in 1488.^{[citation needed]}

Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, like Jacques Lefevre. The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power.^[1] In the time of the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, prepared the way for the rapid dissemination of Lutheran ideas in France with the publication of his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language, in 1528.^{[citation needed]} William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism.^{[citation needed]} The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence.^[2] Sometime between 1550 and 1580, members of the Reformed church in France came to be commonly known as Huguenots

[edit] Etymology

Used originally as a term of derision, the derivation of the name Huguenot remains uncertain. It may have been a French corruption of the German word Eidgenosse, meaning a Confederate, perhaps in combination with a reference to the name Besançon Hugues (d 1532). Geneva, Switzerland was John Calvin's adopted home and the center of the Calvinist movement. In Geneva, Hugues was the leader of the "Confederate Party," so called because it favored an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. This theory of origin has support from the alleged fact that the label Huguenot was first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to usurp power in France from the influential House of Guise, a move which would have had the side-effect of fostering relations with the Swiss. Thus, Hugues plus Eidgenosse becomes Huguenot, with the intention of associating the Protestant cause with some very unpopular politics.^[3]

Like the first hypothesis, several others account for the name as being derived from German as well as French. O.I.A. Roche writes in his book The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots that "Huguenot" is

“

a combination of a Flemish and a German word. In the Flemish corner of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study secretly were called Huis Genooten, or 'house fellows,' while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or 'oath fellows,' that is, persons bound to each other by an oath. Gallicized into 'Huguenot,' often used deprecatingly, the word became, during two and a half centuries of terror and triumph, a badge of enduring honor and courage.

”

Some discredit dual linguistic origins, arguing that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated in the French language. The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name can be accounted for by connection with Hugues Capet king of France,^[4] who reigned long before the Reform times, but was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Frank Puaux suggests, with similar connotations, a clever pun on the old French word for a covenanter (a signatory to a contract).^[5] Janet Gray and other supporters of the theory suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos, or those who want Hugo.^[4]

In this last connection, the name could suggest the derogatory inference of superstitious worship; because, ignorant people believed that Huguon, the gate of King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of Count Hugon (regarded by Catholics as an infamous scoundrel),^[6] and it was in this place in Tours that the prétendus réformés ("these supposedly 'reformed'") habitually gathered at night, both for political purposes, and for prayer and to sing the psalms.^[7] Similarly, some even suggest, les guenon de Hus (the monkeys or apes of Jan Hus)^[8][9] While this and the many other theories offer their own measure of plausibility, attesting at least to the wit of later partisans and historians, if not of the French people at the time of this term's origin, "no one of the several theories advanced has afforded satisfaction".^[10]

[edit] Criticisms of Roman Catholic Church

Above all, Huguenots became known for their fiery criticisms of worship as performed in the Roman Catholic Church, in particular the focus on ritual and what seemed an obsession with death and the dead. They believed the ritual, images, saints, pilgrimages, prayers, and hierarchy of the Catholic Church did not help anyone toward redemption. They saw Christian faith as something to be expressed in a strict and godly life, in obedience to Biblical laws, out of gratitude for God's mercy.

Like other Protestants of the time, they felt that the Roman church needed radical cleansing of its impurities, and that the Pope represented a worldly kingdom, which sat in mocking tyranny over the things of God, and was ultimately doomed. Rhetoric like this became more fierce as events unfolded, and stirred up the hostility of the Catholic establishment.

Violently opposed to the Catholic Church, the Huguenots attacked images, monasticism, and church buildings. Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw iconoclast attacks, in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves were torn down. Bourges, Montauban and Orleans suffered particularly.

[edit] Reform and growth

Huguenots faced periodic persecution from the outset of the Reformation; but Francis I (reigned 1515–1547) initially protected them from Parlementary measures designed for their extermination. The Affair of the Placards of 1534 changed the king's posture toward the Huguenots: he stepped away from restraining persecution of the movement.

Huguenot numbers grew rapidly between 1555 and 1562, chiefly amongst the nobles and city-dwellers. During this time, their opponents first dubbed the Protestants Huguenots; but they called themselves reformés, or "Reformed." They organized their first national synod in 1558, in Paris.

By 1562, they had a total membership estimated at least a million, especially numerous in the southern and central parts of the country. The Huguenots in France likely peaked in number at approximately two million, compared to approximately sixteen million Catholics during the same period.

[edit] Wars of religion

Main article: French Wars of Religion

In reaction to the growing Huguenot influence, and the aforementioned instances of Protestant zeal, Catholic violence against them grew, at the same time that concessions and edicts of toleration became more liberal.

In 1561, the Edict of Orléans, for example, declared an end to the persecution; and the Edict of Saint-Germain recognized them for the first time (January 17, 1562); but these measures disguised the growing strain of relations between Protestant and Catholic.

[edit] Civil wars

Tensions led to eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. With each break in peace, the Huguenots' trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe, and Protestant demands became more grand, until a lasting cessation of open hostility finally occurred in 1598.

The wars gradually took on a dynastic character, developing into an extended feud between the Houses of Bourbon and Guise, both of which — in addition to holding rival religious views — staked a claim to the French throne. The crown, occupied by the House of Valois, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when politically expedient.

[edit] The French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion began with a massacre at Vassy on March 1, 1562, when 23^[6](some sympathetic sources say hundreds^[11]) of the Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded.

The Huguenots transformed themselves into a definitive political movement thereafter. Protestant preachers rallied a considerable army and a formidable cavalry, which came under the leadership of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. Henry of Navarre and the House of Bourbon allied themselves to the Huguenots, adding wealth and holdings to the Protestant strength, which at its height grew to sixty fortified cities, and posed a serious threat to the Catholic crown and Paris over the next three decades.

[edit] St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

In what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August – 17 September 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris. Similar massacres took place in other towns in the weeks following, with death toll estimates again ranging wildly, from thousands to as high as 110,000. An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators.

[edit] Edict of Nantes

The fifth holy war against the Huguenots began on February 23, 1574. The conflict continued periodically until 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having converted to Catholicism and become King of France as Henry IV, issued the Edict of Nantes. The Edict granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains. The Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in the Catholic-controlled regions.

With the proclamation of the Edict of Nantes, and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures to leave France abated, as did further attempts at colonization. However, under King Louis XIV (reigned 1643–1715), chief minister Cardinal Mazarin (who held real power during the king's minority up to his death in 1661) resumed persecution of the Protestants using soldiers to inflict dragonnades that made life so intolerable that many fled.

[edit] Edict of Fontainebleau

The king revoked the "irrevocable" Edict of Nantes in 1685 and declared Protestantism illegal with the Edict of Fontainebleau. After this, huge numbers of Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000^[5]) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark and Prussia — whose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country.

[edit] Huguenot exodus from France

[edit] Early emigration

Main article: Fort Caroline

The first Huguenots to leave France seeking freedom from persecution had done so years earlier under the leadership of Jean Ribault in 1562. The group ended up establishing the small colony of Fort Caroline in 1564, on the banks of the St. Johns River, in what is today Jacksonville, Florida.

The colony was the first attempt at any permanent European settlement in the present-day United States, but the group survived only a short time. In September 1565, an attack against the new Spanish colony at St. Augustine backfired, and the Spanish wiped out the Fort Caroline garrison.

[edit] Settlement in South Africa

On December 31, 1687 a band of Huguenots set sail from France to the colony at the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Individual Huguenots settled at the Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671 and an organized, large scale emigration of Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope took place during 1688 and 1689. A notable example of this is the emigration of Huguenots from La Motte d'Aigues in Provence, France.

Many of these settlers chose as their home an area called Franschhoek, Dutch for French Corner, in the present day Western Cape province of South Africa. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek.

Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names and there are many families, today mostly Afrikaans speaking, whose surnames bear witness to their French Huguenot ancestry. Examples of these are: Blignaut, Hugo, Joubert, du Toit, Fourie, Fouche, de Klerk (de Clerqc), Marais, de Villiers, Viljoen, Theron, du Plessis, Malan, Malherbe, le Roux and Labuschagne (la Buscagne) amongst others, which are all common surnames in present day South Africa.^[12] The wine industry in South Africa owed a significant debt to the Huguenots, many of whom had vineyards in France.

[edit] Settlement in North America

Main article: The Huguenot Society of America

Barred from settling in New France, many Huguenots moved instead to the Dutch colony New Netherland later incorporated into New York and New Jersey and the 13 colonies of Great Britain in North America, the first in 1624.

Huguenot immigrants founded New Paltz, New York, where is now located the oldest street in the current United States of America with the original stone houses, New Rochelle, New York (named after La Rochelle in France). Chretien du Bois was one of the original Huguenot settlers in this area.

Some of the settlers chose the Virginia Colony, and formed communities in present-day Chesterfield County and at Manakintown, an abandoned Monacan village now located in Powhatan County about 20 miles west of downtown Richmond, Virginia, where their descendants continue to reside. On May 12, 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalize the 148 Huguenots resident at Manakintown. [1]

The Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road was named in their honor, as were many local features including several schools, including Huguenot High School.

Many Huguenots also settled in the area around the current site of Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France settled in what was then called Charlestown. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. The French Protestant (Huguenot) Church of Charleston, which remains independent, is the oldest continuously active Huguenot congregation in the United States today.

Most of the Huguenot congregations in North America merged or affiliated with other Protestant denominations, such the Presbyterian Church (USA), United Church of Christ, Reformed Churches, and the Reformed Baptists.

[edit] Asylum in Britain and Ireland

An estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to Britain. A leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, Andrew Lortie (born André Lortie), became known for articulating Huguenot criticism of the Holy See and transubstantiation.

Of these refugees, upon landing on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the county's hub, where many Wallon & Huguenot families were granted asylum. Edward VI granted them the whole of the Western crypt of Canterbury Cathedral for worship. This privilege in 1825 shrank to the south aisle and in 1895 to the former chantry chapel of the Black Prince, where services are still held in French according to the reformed tradition every Sunday at 3pm. Everyone is welcome to attend. The congregation always offers a warm welcome to all visitors. In between times the chapel door is normally kept locked but the cathedral vergers will usually provide access on request and it is also open to the general public on the annual cathedral open-evening in October. Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane where weavers' windows survive on the top floor and 'the Weavers', a half-timbered house by the river deriving its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, resurrecting the use to which it had been put between the 16th century and about 1830. Many of the refugee community were weavers, but naturally some practiced other occupations necessary to sustain the community distinct from the indigenous population, this separation being a condition of their initial acceptance in the City. [2], and they also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Tenterden.

Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London in large numbers. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground), and in Wandsworth. The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery, appeared in 1724. The fleeing of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France had virtually wiped out the great silk mills they had built.

Many Huguenots settled in Ireland during the Plantations of Ireland. Some of them fought against the troops of Louis XIV in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles. Some of them took their skills to Ulster and assisted in the founding of the Irish linen industry.

[edit] Asylum in Germany and Scandinavia

Huguenots refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Nearly 44,000 Huguenots established in Germany, and particularly in Prussia where many of their descendents rose to positions of prominence. Several congregations were founded, such as the Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Emden. Around 1700 a significant proportion of Berlin's population were of French mother tongue and the Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their service for nearly a century. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806/07.

[edit] Effects

The exodus of Huguenots from France created a kind of brain drain from which the kingdom would not fully recover for years. The French crown's refusal to allow Protestants to settle in New France was a factor behind that colony's slow population growth, which ultimately led to its conquest by the British.^{[citation needed]} By the time of the French and Indian War, there may have been more people of French ancestry living in Britain's American colonies than there were in New France.

Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. The last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic, Lothar de Maizière, is a scion of a Huguenot family.

The persecution and flight of the Huguenots greatly damaged the reputation of Louis XIV abroad, particularly in England; the two kingdoms, which had enjoyed peaceful relations prior to 1685, became bitter enemies and fought against each other in a series of wars from 1689 onward.

[edit] End of persecution and restoration of French Citizenship

Persecution of Protestants continued in France after 1724 (see article Persecution of Huguenots under Louis XV), but ended in 1764 and the French Revolution of 1789 finally made them full-fledged citizens.

The December 15, 1790 Law stated that : 'All persons born in a foreign country and descending in any degree of a French man or woman expatriated for religious reason are declared French nationals (naturels français) and will benefit to rights attached to that quality if they come back to France, establish their domicile there and take the civic oath.'

This might have been, historically, the first law recognising a Right of Return.

Article 4 of the June 26, 1889 Nationality Law stated that: 'Descendants of families proscribed by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes will continue to benefit from the benefit of the December 15, 1790 Law, but on the condition that a nominal decree should be issued for every petitioner. That decree will only produce its effects for the future.'

Foreign descendants of Huguenots lost the automatic right to French citizenship in 1945 (by force of the ordonnance du 19 octobre 1945, revoking the 1889 Nationality Law).

In the 1920's and 1930's, members of the the extreme-right Action Française movement expressed strong animus against the Protestants, as agains the Jews, and the Freemasons - all three being regarded as groups supporting the French Republic which Action Française sought to overthrow.

During the occupation of France in the Second World War, a signficiant number of Protestants - not persecuted themselves - were active in hiding and saving Jews. Up to the present, many French Protestants, due to their history, feel a special sympathy for and tendency to support "The Underdog" in various situations and conflicts.

Protestants in France today number about 1 million, or about 2% of the population [3] [4]. They are most concentrated in the Cévennes region in the south.

[edit] Legacy

• A third of American Presidents have some proven Huguenot ancestry, as do Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and other leading statesmen, and (according to an oft-repeated belief) one quarter or more of all Englishmen.
• Huguenot refugees in Prussia are thought to have contributed significantly to the development of the textile industry in that state.
• In 1924 a commemorative half dollar, known as the Huguenot-Walloon Half Dollar, was coined in the United States to celebrate the 300th anniversary of their initial settlement in what is now the United States. One Huguenot colonist was a silversmith named Apollos Rivoire, who would later anglicize his name to Paul Revere. He would, still later, give his name and his profession to his son, Paul Revere, the famous United States revolutionary.
• A neighborhood in New York City's borough of Staten Island is named Huguenot, and the nearby town of New Rochelle is named after La Rochelle, a former Huguenot stronghold in France.
• An on going joke on the the tv show Family Guy, Peter constantly refers to himself as a "huguenot"

[edit] Political vocabulary

French Protestants consider themselves to practice a "reformed" religion (religion réformée) — which implies that the Catholic religion was in need of reforms. In opposition, French Catholics, when talking in polite terms, traditionally referred to Protestantism as the "allegedly reformed religion" (religion prétendue réformée, or RPR) — with an obvious pejorative undertone of "pretense".

[edit] Other

The word refugee came into use in English to describe the early French Protestants seeking refuge. The word comes from the French réfugié, from past participle of réfugier, to take refuge.

[edit] Symbol

The Huguenot cross is the distinctive emblem of the Huguenots (croix huguenote). It is now an official symbol of the Eglise des protestants reformé (French Protestant church) and Huguenot descendents are proud to display this piece of jewelery as a sign of reconnaissance (recognition) between them.

[edit] Famous people with Huguenot ancestry

• André, John, British Officer and spy
• Bascom, Earl, American rodeo cowboy, artist and sculptor
• Bascom, Florence, American geologist
• Bascom, Henry, U.S. Congressional Chaplain, Methodist Bishop
• Bayard, James, Congressman (USA)
• Brooks, Bryant, Governor of Wyoming (USA)
• Beaufort, Francis, Hydrographer of the British Admiralty
• Byrd, William I, Virginia settler
• Christopher, William, US Actor
• Churchill, Winston, Prime minister
• Cilliers, Sarel, Boer Voortrekker
• Cottee, Tony, West Ham United and England footballer
• Courage, Piers, English racing driver
• Crawford, Joan, American actress
• Crockett, Davy, American folk hero
• Cronje, Hansie, South African cricketer
• Cronje, Piet, leader of the Transvaal Republic's military forces during the Anglo-Boer Wars
• de Klerk, Frederik, President of the Republic of South Africa serving from September 1989 to May 1994
• Sir Peter de la Billière, British Military Commander
• DeLancey, James, Governor of New York
• de Ste. Croix, G.E.M., writer & historian
• de Crespigny, Australian businessman
• de la Periere, Lothar Highest scoring German U-boat commander of World War I
• de Maurier, Daphne, English writer
• de Maurier, Gerald, English actor
• du Pont, Éleuthère Irénée, founder of the duPont Company (USA)
• du Toit, Alexander, South African geologist
• du Toit, Daniel, South African astronomer
• du Toit, Christiaan, South African military commander
• du Toit, D.F., Co-founder of an Afrikaans language movement named the Society of Real Afrikaners
• du Toit, S.G., Co-founder of an Afrikaans language movement named the Society of Real Afrikaners
• du Toit, S.J., Co-founder of an Afrikaans language movement named the Society of Real Afrikaners
• Fabergé, Peter, Russian jeweller
• Fabergé, Gustav, Russian jeweller
• Fontane, Theodor, German novelist and poet
• Force, Peter, American politician and archivist
• Freneau, Philip, American Poet
• Galland, Adolf, German Luftwaffe General and WW2 fighter ace
• Garland, Judy, actress and singer
• Gore, Albert Jr, Vice-President of the United States
• Harnoncourt, Nicolaus, Austrian conductor
• Hamilton, Alexander, American Secretary of the Treasury
• Hobler, James Francis Helvetius Chief Clerk to the Lord Mayors of London late 1700s to mid 1800s.
• Hobler, Jean Francois renowned Huguenot Watch & Clock Maker/Exporter, 1700s
• Hobler, Jean Paul Watch & Clock Maker; well known alto tenor and member of St Paul's Choir mid to late 1700s
• Horry, Peter, American Revolutionary War General
• Huger, Benjamin, American General {Confederate}
• Izzard, Eddie, English comedian and actor
• Joubert, Elsa, South African novelist
• Joubert, Gideon, Afrikaans science non-fiction author
• Joubert, Petrus, Boer commandant-general of the South African Republic from 1880 to 1900
• Larminie, William, Irish poet
• de Laval, Gustaf, Swedish engineer and inventor
• Laurens, John, American War hero
• Le Bon, Simon, English musician
• Le Fanu, Sheridan, Irish writer
• LeFever, Daniel, American gunmaker
• LeFroy, Thomas, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and inspiration for Jane Austen's Mr Darcy in Pride and Prejudice
• Ligonier, John C-in-C British Army
• Longfellow, Henry, American poet
• Malan, A. G., American World War Two fighter pilot ace
• Malan, D. F., South African Prime Minister elected on Apartheid platform
• de Maizière, Lothar, German politician
• de Maizière, Thomas, German politician
• de Maizière, Ulrich, German general
• Malherbe, Gideon Co-founder of an Afrikaans language movement named the Society of Real Afrikaners
• Marseille, Seigried, German Luftwaffe General
• Marseille, Hans-Joachim, German Luftwaffe ace
• Manigualt, Arthur, American General (Confederate)
• Marion, Francis, American War Hero
• Masaryk, Jan, Czechoslovakian diplomat and politician
• Maturin, Charles, Irish Gothic writer
• Morris, Charles, American Navy officer (Confederate)
• Olivier, Laurence, English actor
• Naudé, Beyers Afrikaner anti Apartheid cleric.
• Naudé, Jozua, acting President of South Africa from 1967 to 1968
• Pertwee, Jon, English actor
• Pettigrew, J.Johnston, Confederate general in the American Civil War
• Pickett, George, Confederate general in the American Civil War
• Pienaar, François Captain of the Springboks from 26 June 1993 until 10 August 1996
• Portal, Charles British Chief of the Air Staff 1940-1945 Combined Chiefs of Staff 1942-1945
• Remington, Frederic, American artist and sculptor
• Retief, Piet, Boer Voortrekkers
• Revere, Paul, American Silversmith, famous for "Paul Revere's Ride" at the outbreak of the American War of Independence.
• Rockefeller, John, American capitalist
• Roosevelt, Franklin, 32nd President of the United States
• Roosevelt, Sara, mother of Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Sawalha, Julia, British actress of Huguenot and Jordanian ancestry
• Simpson, Tom, Canadian Politician
• Smith, Jedediah, American explorer
• St. Leger, Barry, British Officer
• Terre'Blance, Eugène South African political activist
• Theron, Charlize, South African actress
• Thibaut, Anton, German jurist
• Thoreau, Henry, American writer
• Williams, Obadiah, Irish merhcant
• Viljoen, Constand Former leader of the South African Freedom Front (1994 - 2001) and SADF general
• von Savigny, Friedrich, German jurist.

[edit] Notes

Baird, Charles W "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America" Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998, ISBN 9780806305547 Charles Burgess(later, Cathal Brugha)- Irish freedom fighter

[edit] External links

• Huguenot Historical Society
• Huguenot Historical Society Digital Collections
• The National Huguenot Society
• The Huguenot Society of America
• Huguenot Fellowship
• The Huguenots, the Jews, and Me, essay by Armand Laferrere in Azure magazine.