Hugh Ferriss

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Hugh Ferriss (1889 – 1962) was an American delineator (one who creates perspective drawings of buildings) and architect. According to Daniel Okrent, Ferriss never designed a single noteworthy building, but after his death a colleague said he 'influenced my generation of architects' more than any other man.

Ferriss's influences can also be seen in a lot of popular culture. Gotham City, the setting for Batman, is certainly a prime example. Kerry Conran's 'Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow' is another example.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Selected Renderings 3 External links 4 References

[edit] Biography

Ferriss was trained as an architect at Washington University in his hometown of St. Louis, Missouri, but, early in his career, began to specialize in creating architectural renderings for other architects' work rather than designing buildings himself. As a delineator, his task was to create a perspective drawing of a building or project. This was done either as part of the sales of a project, or, more commonly, done to advertise or promote the project to a wider audience. So his drawing frequently were destined for annual shows or advertisements. As a result of this his works were often published (as opposed to just given to the architect’s client) and Ferriss acquired a reputation and after he had set up as free-lance artist found himself to be highly sought after.

In 1912, Ferriss arrived in New York City and was soon employed as a delineator for Cass Gilbert. Some of his earliest drawings are of Gilbert’s Woolworth Building and reveal that Ferriss’s illustrations had not yet developed his signature dark, moody appearance. In 1915, with Gilbert’s blessing he left the firm and set up shop as an architectural delineator. In 1914, Ferriss married Dorothy Lapham, an editor and artist for Vanity Fair.

By 1920, Ferriss had begun to develop his own style, frequently presenting the building being advanced at night, lit up by spot lights, or in a fog, as if photographed with a soft focus. The shadows cast by and on the building became almost as important as the revealed surfaces. He had somehow managed to develop a style that would elicit emotional responses from the viewer. His drawings were being regularly featured by such diverse publications as Century, the Christian Science Monitor, Harper's Magazine and Vanity Fair. His writings began to also appear in various publications. He executed the 1922 drawing for the Chicago Tribune Competition that won the event for Howells and Hood.

In 1916, New York City had passed the landmark zoning laws that regulated and limited the mass of buildings according to a formula. The reason was to counteract the tendency for buildings to occupy the whole of their lot and go straight up as far as was possible. Since many architects were not exactly sure what these laws meant in terms of their designs, in 1922 skyscraper architect Harvey Wiley Corbett commissioned Ferriss to draw a series of four step-by-step perspectives demonstrating the architecture consequences of the zoning law. These four drawings would later be used in his 1929 book "The Metropolis of Tomorrow".

Hugh Ferriss' archive, including drawings and papers, is held by the Drawings & Archives Department of Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University. Every year the American Society of Architectural Illustrators gives out the Hugh Ferriss Memorial Prize for architectural rendering excellence. The medal features Ferriss’s original "Forth Stage" drawing, executed in bronze.

[edit] Selected Renderings

• The Liberty Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri. Harold Van Buren Magonigle, architect.
• The Four Stages
• Chicago Tribune Tower. Howells & Hood, architects.
• Players Club, Detroit, Michigan. Smith Hinchman & Grylls [SH&G], architects.
• Radiator Building, New Yor, New York. Raymond Hood, architect.
• Buhl Building, Detroit, Michigan. Smith Hinchman & Grylls [SH&G], architects.
• Chicago Board of Trade Building. Holabird & Root, architects.
• Penobscot Building, Detroit, Michigan. Smith Hinchman & Grylls [SH&G], architects.
• Guardian [Union Trust] Building, Detroit, Michigan. Smith Hinchman & Grylls [SH&G], architects.
• Telephone Building, St. Louis, Missouri. Mauran, Russell & Crowell and Timlin, architects.

[edit] External links

• The Hugh Ferriss Architectural Drawings and Papers Collection. Includes digital images of more than 350 original drawings held by Columbia University.

[edit] References

• Balfour, Alan. Rockefeller Center – Architecture As Theater. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1978. ISBN 007003480X.

• Hoak & Church. Masterpieces of American Architecture Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 2002. Reprint of 1930 edition by Charles Scribner. ISBN 0486422313.

• Ferriss, Hugh. The Metropolis of Tomorrow, with essay by Carol Willis. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1986. Reprint of 1929 edition. ISBN 0910413118.

• Ferriss, Hugh. Power in Buildings, An Artist’s View of Contemporary Buildings. New York: Columbia University Press, 1953.

• Ferriss, Hugh. American Capitals of Industry: A Series of Drawings by Hugh Ferriss. Harpers Magazine, July 1919.

• Holleman & Gallagher. Smith Hinchman & Grylls, 125 Years of Architecture and Engineering, 1853–1978. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1978. OCLC 4136542.

• Kvaran. Architectural Sculpture of America, unpublished manuscript

• Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins. New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1987. ISBN 0847806189.

• Willis, Carol. Hugh Ferriss: Metropolis. Exhibition organized by the Architectural League of New York, 1986.