HMAS Melbourne (R21)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 HMAS Melbourne, with USS Midway following |
|
| Career Australia |  |
|---|---|
| Builder: |  Vickers-Armstrong Limited |
| Laid down: | 15 April, 1943 |
| Launched: | 28 February, 1945 |
| Commissioned: | 28 October, 1955 |
| Decommissioned: | 30 June, 1982 |
| Status: | Scrapped at Dalian, China |
| General Characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 20,000 tons full load |
| Length: | 214 metres |
| Beam: | 24 metres |
| Draught: | 7.5 metres |
| Propulsion: | 4 x Admiralty 3-drum boilers, two-shaft Parson's geared steam turbines providing 40,000 shp, driving 1 x three blade screw and 1 x four blade screw. |
| Speed: | 24 knots |
| Range: | 12,000 nautical miles at 14 knots 6,200 nautical miles at 23 knots |
| Complement: | 1,355 (includes 347 Carrier Air Group personnel) 1,070 (75 officers and 995 sailors) as Flagship |
| Armament: | 25 x 40mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns |
| Aircraft carried: | Originally: 8 x Sea Venom fighters, 16 Gannet anti-submarine aircraft, 2 x Sycamore helicopters Late Service: 8 x A-4 Skyhawk fighter bombers, 6 x S-2 Tracker anti-submarine aircraft, 6 x Sea King Mk.50 anti-submarine helicopters, 2 x Wessex HAS.31 utility helicopters |
| Motto: | "Vires Acquirit Eundo" - She Gathers Strength As She Goes |
| Nickname: | The Steel War Canoe |
| Badge: |  |
HMAS Melbourne (R21) (constructed as HMS Majestic (R77)) was the lead ship of her class of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy. She was laid down by Vickers-Armstrong Limited at Barrow-in-Furness in England on 15 April 1943 as HMS Majestic and launched on 28 February 1945. Construction was suspended in May 1946, but when it was decided to acquire two aircraft carriers for the Royal Australian Navy in 1947, work was resumed in 1949.
However, it took another six years of work before she was ready to enter service, due to the decision to modify the ship to contain the latest developments in aircraft carrier technology; angled flight deck, steam catapault and mirror landing sight. On 28 October 1955 she was renamed HMAS Melbourne in a ceremony performed by Lady White, wife of the then Australian High Commissioner in the United Kingdom, Sir Thomas White and commissioned as the flagship of the Royal Australian Navy.
[edit] Operational History
During her extensive service she was involved in two major collisions: one with the Daring class destroyer HMAS Voyager off the south coast of New South Wales which sank with the loss of 82 lives on 10 February 1964, and later with the destroyer USS Frank E. Evans which sank in the South China Sea with the loss of 74 of her crew on 3 June 1969. In both cases the destroyers crossed in front of Melbourne's bows while she was at flying stations at night. The ultimate cause of both accidents appears to have been errors on the bridges of the destroyers.
Melbourne was due for a refit during the early 1980s. However, the Australian government decided to purchase a new aircraft carrier from the Royal Navy (intended to be HMS Invincible). Melbourne was paid off on 30 June 1982 and laid up at Sydney, was sold to China United Shipbuilding Company Limited in February 1985 and broken up in the port of Dalian in China, where it is suspected she had been studied to help design a Chinese aircraft carrier.
Several events, including the Falklands War and the 1983 Australian election led to no replacement being purchased.
| Aircraft carriers of the Royal Australian Navy |
| Canberra class |
| Canberra | Adelaide |
| Majestic class |
| Sydney | Melbourne |
| Colossus class |
| Vengeance |
| Seaplane Carrier |
| Albatross |
List of major warship classes of the Royal Australian Navy |
[edit] See also
- List of disasters in Australia by death toll
- List of ship launches in 1945
- List of ship commissionings in 1955
- List of ship decommissionings in 1982
[edit] References
- Royal Australian Navy history of HMAS Melbourne
- Story from "The Age" newspaper in 1969 when the incident occurred.
- Cabban, Peter T. (Peter Thomas) (2005). Breaking ranks / Peter Cabban and David Salter. Milsons Point, N.S.W. : Random House. ISBN 1-74051-315-0
- Frame, Tom. (2005). The cruel legacy : the HMAS Vovager tragedy (1st ed.). Crows Nest, N.S.W. : Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-421-3
- Frame, Tom. (1992). Where fate calls : the HMAS Voyager tragedy Sydney : Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-54968-8.
- Hall, Timothy (1982). HMAS Melbourne. Sydney : Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-86861-284-7.
- Gillet, Ross (1980). HMAS Melbbourne - 25 Years. Sydney : Nautical Press.
