HL60

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HL-60 (Human promyelocytic leukemia cells) cell line derived from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia proliferates continuously in suspension culture in nutrient medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, HEPES and antibiotic chemicals. The HL-60 cells continuously proliferate in suspension culture with a doubling time of about 36-48 hours.
Proliferation of HL-60 cells occurs through the transferrin and insulin receptors, which are expressed on cell surface. The requirement for insulin and transferrin is absolute, as HL-60 proliferation immediately ceases if either of these compounds is removed from the serum-free culture media (Breitman et al¹., 1980).
Spontaneous differentiation to mature granulocytes can be induced by compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), retinoic acid. Other compounds like 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and GM-CSF can induce HL-60 to differentiate to monocyte, macrophagelike and eosinophil respectively.

The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process. For examples, Gallagher et al². (1979) report that the characterization of HL-60 cells from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia is predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte. HL-60 cell model was used to study the effect of DNA topoisomerase (topo) IIα and IIβ on differentiation and apoptosis of cells (Sugimoto et al³., 1998).

Thus, HL-60 cell line provides a unique in vitro model system for studying the cellular and molecular events, especially in the dielectrophoresis study⁴ that aqueous environment, suspended and round cells are needed.

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References:
1.Breitman, T, S. Collins, B. Keene, 1980. “Replacement of serum by insulin and transferring supports growth and differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60”. Exp. Cell Res., 126, 494-498.
2.Gallagher, R. S. Collins, J. Trujillo, K. McCredie, M. Ahearm, S. Tsai, R. Metzgar, G. Aulakh, R. Ting, F. Ruscetti and R. Gallo, 1979. “Characterization of the continuous, differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia”. Blood, 54:3, 713-733.
3.Sugimoto, K, K. Yamada, M. Egashira, Y. yazaki, H. Hirai, A. Kikuchi and K. Oshimi, 1998. “Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters During Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells”. Blood, 91:4, 1407-1417.
4.Ratanachoo, K., Gascoyne, P.R.C. and Ruchirawat, M. 2002. Detection of cellular responses to toxicants by dielectrophoresis. BBA. 1564, 449-458