History of modern Mongolia
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| History of Mongolia |
 |
| Before Genghis Khan |
| Mongol Empire |
| Khanates |
| - Chagatai Khanate |
| - Golden Horde |
| - Ilkhanate |
| - Yuan Dynasty |
| - Timurid Empire |
| - Mughal Empire |
| Minghate Dynasty |
| Khanate of Sibir |
| Dzungar |
| Qing Dynasty (Outer Mongolia) |
| People's Republic of Mongolia |
| Modern Mongolia |
| Inner Mongolia |
| Buryat Mongolia |
| Kalmyk Mongolia |
| Hazara Mongols |
| Aimak Mongols |
| Timeline |
| edit box |
Following the collapse of the People's Republic of Mongolia, Mongolia's first free, multi-party elections for a bicameral People's Khural were held on July 29, 1990. The MPRP won 85% of the seats. The State Great Khural (greater house) first met on September 3 and elected a president (MPRP), vice president (Social Democrat), prime minister (MPRP), and 50 members to the Baga Khural (lesser house). The vice president was also chairman of the Baga Khural. In November 1991, the People's Great Hural began discussion on a new constitution, which entered into force February 12. In addition to establishing Mongolia as an independent, sovereign republic and guaranteeing a number of rights and freedoms, the new constitution restructured the legislative branch of government, creating a unicameral legislature, the State Great Hural (SGH).
The constitution was amended in 1992. It provided that the president would be elected by popular vote rather than by the legislature as before. In June 1993, incumbent Punsalmaagiyn Ochirbat won the first popular presidential election, running as the candidate of the democratic opposition.
In 2000, elections returned the MPRP to power. Wide dissatisfaction with economic conditions and perceived corruption under the National Democratic Party led to the MPRP's retaking of all but 4 seats in the Great Hural. Under the MPRP's restored power, press freedoms waned, with most TV stations more or less reverting to party control. Additionally, popular opposition leaders (Baatar, Gundali, Batbayar) were jailed or threated with imprisonment for speaking out against the policies of the MPRP.
Results of the 2004 election forced the MPRP to join a coalition government with the Motherland Democratic Coalition.
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