Hermann of Luxemburg
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 From the 10th century the rulers for the Holy Roman Empire were elected German kings, who expected to be crowned (though it did not always happen) by the Pope as Holy Roman Emperor[2]. Hermann of Luxemburg was a German anti-king who ruled from 1081-1093. His predecessor, Rudolph of Swabia, had died and he was appointed ruler by count Siegfried I von Eppstein. During this time, King Henry IV was the emperor, but because he viewed that the papacy should submit to the crown, [[Pope Gregory VII] had excommunicated him and declared that he was unworthy of being the Holy Roman Emperor[3]. The big issue between the Pope and Henry was the appointment of bishops. It was a custom that if a bishop was to die, the emperor would appoint a new bishop based on his ecclesiastical qualifications. Henry, on the other hand was appointing bishops for political reasons which made Pope Gregory VII furious and thus prohibited the appointments of investiture by any lay person, including the Emperor. This was known as the Investiture Controversy[4] [5]. Because of this, the church broke off from Henry and appointed Rudolph of Swabia and later Hermann of Luxemburg. Unfortunately for Gregory, Hermann was nowhere near as strong a leader as Rudolph and this caused Henry’s power to grow[6]. Little is known of what happened to Hermann after this other than he served as an anti-king under Gregory’s rule until 1093, which is assumed to be his year of death. Conrad of Franconia began his rule after Hermann’s death[7]. [edit] References
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